In the above list, you need to specify the '''No. Levels (M)''' for the Mary modulation schemes, from which the '''No. Bits per Symbol''' is determined. You can also define a bandwidth for the signal, which has a default value of 100MHz. Once the SNR of the signal is found, given the specified modulation scheme, the E<sub>b</sub>/N<sub>0</sub> parameter is determined, from which the bit error rate (BER) is calculated.
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The Shannon â Hartley Equation estimates the channel capacity:
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<math> C = B \log_2 \left( 1 + \frac{S}{N} \right) </math>
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The quantity E<sub>b</sub>/N<sub>0</sub> is the ratio of energy per bit to noise power spectral density. It is a measure of SNR per bit and is calculated from the following equation: