Numerical Modeling of Electromagnetic Problems Using EM.Cube

An Overview of EM.Cube's Numerical Solvers

EM.Cube uses a number of computational electromagnetic (CEM) techniques to solve your modeling problems. All of these techniques are based on a fine discretization of your physical structure into a set of elementary cells or elements. A discretized form of Maxwell's equations or some variations of them are then solved numerically over these smaller cells. From the resulting numerical solution, the quantities of interest are derived and computed.

The numerical techniques used by EM.Cube are:

• Finite Different Time Domain (FDTD) method
• Shoot-and-Bounce-Rays (SBR) method
• Physical Optics (PO) method: Geometrical Optics - Physical Optics (GO-PO) method and Iterative Physical Optics (IPO) emthod
• Mixed Potential Integral Equation (MPIE) method for multilayer planar structures
• Wire Method of Moments (WMOM) based on Pocklington integral equation
• Surface Method of Moments (SMOM) with Adaptive Integration Equation (AIM) accelerator
• Finite Difference (FD) method solution of electrostatic and magnetostatic Laplace/Poisson equations

Module Name	Simulation Engine(s)	Solver Type	Modeling Accuracy	Frequency Range	Fundamental Solution
EM.Tempo	FDTD	Volumetric solver	Full-wave	Ultra-wideband time-domain	Electric and magnetic fields in the entire domain
EM.Terrano	SBR	Ray tracer	Asymptotic	High-frequency harmonic	Electric field ray tubes and power received at receiver locations
EM.Illumina	GO-PO & IPO	Surface solver	Asymptotic	High-frequency harmonic	Electric and magnetic currents on surfaces
EM.Ferma	FD	Volumetric solver	Static or quasi-static	DC or low-frequency	Electric or magnetic fields in the entire domain
EM.Picasso	MPIE	Planar solver	Full-wave	Arbitrary harmonic	Electric and magnetic currents on traces
EM.Libera	WMOM & SMOM	Surface & wire solvers	Full-wave	Arbitrary harmonic	Electric and magnetic currents on surfaces or wires

Module Name	Material Capability	Excitation/Sources	Lumped Devices
EM.Tempo	PEC, PMC, dielectric, anisotropic, dispersive, complex materials	Lumped and distributed sources, plane wave, Gaussian beam, arbitrary waveform	Passive and active, linear and nonlinear devices and circuits
EM.Terrano	Material surfaces, thin walls and material volumes	Transmitters, Hertzian dipoles	N/A
EM.Illumina	PEC, PMC, impedance surfaces	Hertzian dipole, plane wave, Huygens source	N/A
EM.Ferma	PEC, dielectric or magnetic materials	Charge, current and permanent magnet	N/A
EM.Picasso	PEC and slot traces, short vias, infinite substrate layers	Gap source, wave port, Hertzian dipole, plane wave, Huygens source	Simple passive RLC lumped elements
EM.Libera	PEC, homogeneous dielectric	Gap source, Hertzian dipole, plane wave, Huygens source	Simple passive RLC lumped elements

Module Name	Observables	Applications
EM.Tempo	Near-field, far-field, RCS, periodic R/T, S/Z/Y parameters, port current/voltage/power	General-purpose field simulator capable of handling complex geometrical and material variations
EM.Terrano	Far-field & received power	Radio wave propagation in very large scenes
EM.Illumina	Far-field & RCS	Scattering from very large surface structures & antenna-platform combinations
EM.Ferma	Electric or magnetic field & potential, voltage, current, energy, power	Small-scale devices and structures
EM.Picasso	Current distribution, far-field, periodic R/T, S/Z/Y parameters	Multilayer planar circuits, antennas & arrays, FSS, homogeneous substrates
EM.Libera	Current distribution, far-field, RCS, S/Z/Y parameters	Radiation and scattering problems involving metals and homogeneous dielectric materials