[[Image:Splash-generic2.jpg|right|800px720px]]
<table>
<tr>
<td>[[image:Cube-icon.png | link=Getting_Started_with_EM.CUBECube]] [[image:cad-ico.png | link=Building Geometrical Constructions in CubeCAD]] [[image:fdtd-ico.png | link=EM.Tempo]] [[image:prop-ico.png | link=EM.Terrano]] [[image:postatic-ico.png | link=EM.IlluminaFerma]] [[image:staticplanar-ico.png | link=EM.FermaPicasso]] [[image:planarmetal-ico.png | link=EM.PicassoLibera]] [[image:metalpo-ico.png | link=EM.LiberaIllumina]] </td>
<tr>
</table>
Mathematically speaking, all electromagnetic modeling problems require solving some form of Maxwell's equations subject to certain initial and boundary conditions. Radiation and scattering problems are defined over an unbounded domain. Circuit and device problems are often formulated as shielded structures within finite domains. Aside from a few well-known canonical problems, there are no closed-form solutions available for most electromagnetic problems due to the complexity of their domains and boundaries. Numerical analysis, therefore, is the only way to solve such problems.
[[Image:Info_icon.png|30px]] Click here for a brief review of '''[[A Review of Maxwell's Equations | Maxwell's Equations]]'''.
The numerical techniques used in computational electromagnetics (CEM) are generally divided into three categories:
* '''Quasi-Static Techniques''': These techniques assume static DC or low-frequency conditions, which ignore wave retardation effects. Under these conditions, Maxwell's equations reduce to the electrostatic or magnetostatic forms of Laplace/Poisson equations. These methods are effective in solving lumped devices or structures with small electrical dimensions.
* '''Asymptotic Techniques''': These techniques assume quasi-optical or high-frequency conditions, and solve the asymptotic forms of Maxwell'e equations. These methods are effective in solving structures or scenes with very large electrical dimensions. All the ray tracing techniques like the shoot-and Bounce-Rays (SBR) method fall into this category. Another example is the physical optics (PO) method.
[[Image:Info_icon.png|30px]] Click here for '''[[A Review of Maxwell's Equations & Computational Electromagnetics (CEM)]]'''.
<table>
* Finite Different Time Domain (FDTD) method
* ShootShooting-and-BounceBouncing-Rays (SBR) method* Finite Difference (FD) method solution of for electrostatic , magnetostatic and magnetostatic steady-state thermal Laplace/Poisson equations* Mixed Potential Integral Equation (MPIE) method for multilayer planar structures also known as [[Planar Method of Moments|Planar method of Moments]] (PMOM)
* Wire Method of Moments (WMOM) based on Pocklington integral equation
* Surface Method of Moments (SMOM) with Adaptive Integration Equation (AIM) accelerator
| style="width:40px;" | [[image:fdtd-ico.png | link=[[EM.Tempo]]]]
| style="width:80px;" | [[EM.Tempo]]
| style="width:40px;" | [[Basic_FDTD_Theory Basic_Principles_of_The_Finite_Difference_Time_Domain_Method | FDTD]]
| style="width:30px;" | Full-wave
| style="width:90px;" | 3D volumetric solver
| style="width:40px;" | [[image:prop-ico.png | link=[[EM.Terrano]]]]
| style="width:80px;" | [[EM.Terrano]]
| style="width:40px;" | [[SBR_Method Basic_Principles_of_SBR_Ray_Tracing | SBR]]
| style="width:30px;" | Asymptotic
| style="width:90px;" | 3D ray tracer
| style="width:40px;" | [[image:static-ico.png | link=[[EM.Ferma]]]]
| style="width:80px;" | [[EM.Ferma]]
| style="width:40px;" | [[Electrostatic_and_Magnetostatic_Methods Electrostatic_%26_Magnetostatic_Field_Analysis | FD]]
| style="width:30px;" | Static or quasi-static
| style="width:90px;" | 3D volumetric solver
| style="width:80px;" | DC or low-frequency
| style="width:150px;" | Electric or magnetic fields or temperature in the entire domain
| style="width:200px;" | Small-scale devices and structures
|-
| style="width:40px;" | [[image:planar-ico.png | link=[[EM.Picasso]]]]
| style="width:80px;" | [[EM.Picasso]]
| style="width:40px;" | [[Planar_Method_of_Moments Basic_Principles_of_The_Method_of_Moments | MPIE (PMOM)]]
| style="width:30px;" | Full-wave
| style="width:90px;" | 2.5D planar solver
| style="width:40px;" | [[image:metal-ico.png | link=[[EM.Libera]]]]
| style="width:80px;" | [[EM.Libera]]
| style="width:40px;" | [[3D_Method_of_Moments Basic_Principles_of_The_Method_of_Moments | WMOM & SMOM]]
| style="width:30px;" | Full-wave
| style="width:90px;" | 3D wire & surface solvers
| style="width:40px;" | [[image:po-ico.png | link=[[EM.Illumina]]]]
| style="width:80px;" | [[EM.Illumina]]
| style="width:40px;" | [[Theory_of_Physical_Optics Basic_Principles_of_Physical_Optics | GO-PO & IPO]]
| style="width:30px;" | Asymptotic
| style="width:90px;" | 3D surface solver
| [[EM.Tempo]], [[EM.Picasso]], [[EM.Illumina]]
|-
| style="width:320px;" | Perfect Thermal Conductor (PTC)| [[EM.Ferma]]|-| style="width:320px;" | Dielectric(or Magnetic) Material
| [[EM.Tempo]], [[EM.Ferma]], [[EM.Picasso]], [[EM.Libera]], [[EM.Terrano]]
|-
| style="width:320px;" | Insulator Material
| [[EM.Ferma]]
|-
| style="width:320px;" | Impedance Surface
| [[EM.Tempo]]
|-
| style="width:320px;" | Voxel DatabaseGyrotropic Material (Ferrite, Magnetoplasma)
| [[EM.Tempo]]
|}
| style="width:40px;" | [[image:fdtd-ico.png | link=[[EM.Tempo]]]]
| [[EM.Tempo]]
| style="width:450px;" | PEC, thin wire, PMC, dielectric, anisotropic, dispersive, voxel database gyrotropic
|-
| style="width:40px;" | [[image:prop-ico.png | link=[[EM.Terrano]]]]
| style="width:40px;" | [[image:static-ico.png | link=[[EM.Ferma]]]]
| [[EM.Ferma]]
| style="width:450px;" | PEC, PTC, dielectric or magnetic or insulator materials
|-
| style="width:40px;" | [[image:planar-ico.png | link=[[EM.Picasso]]]]
| [[EM.Tempo]]
| style="width:350px;" | Finite box
| style="width:250px;" | PEC, PMC, PML , Periodic
|-
| style="width:40px;" | [[image:prop-ico.png | link=[[EM.Terrano]]]]
| [[EM.Ferma]]
| style="width:350px;" | Finite box
| style="width:250px;" | Dirichlet & Neuman , Neumann, Adiabatic and Convective (for thermal simulation)
|-
| style="width:40px;" | [[image:planar-ico.png | link=[[EM.Picasso]]]]
| style="width:250px;" | Used for S-parameter computations
| style="width:250px;" | Associated with a hollow PEC box
| style="width:200px;" | [[EM.Tempo]]
|-
| Wire Current Source
| style="width:250px;" | General-purpose current source
| style="width:250px;" | Stand-alone source
| style="width:200px;" | [[EM.Tempo]]
|-
| style="width:250px;" | General-purpose short filament current source
| style="width:250px;" | Stand-alone source
| style="width:200px;" | [[EM.Tempo]], [[EM.IlluminaTerrano]], [[EM.Picasso]], [[EM.Libera]], [[EM.TerranoIllumina]]
|-
| Plane Wave Source
| style="width:250px;" | Used for scattering computations
| style="width:250px;" | Stand-alone source
| style="width:200px;" | [[EM.Tempo]], [[EM.IlluminaPicasso]], [[EM.PicassoLibera]], [[EM.LiberaIllumina]]
|-
| Gaussian Beam Source
| style="width:250px;" | Used as a distributed equivalent
| style="width:250px;" | Imported from a Huygens data file
| style="width:200px;" | [[EM.IlluminaTempo]], [[EM.Terrano]], [[EM.Picasso]], [[EM.Libera]], [[EM.Illumina]]
|-
| Point Transmitter Set
| style="width:250px;" | Used as a point source with an imported radiation pattern
| style="width:250px;" | Associated with a point or point array
|-
| Volume Charge
| style="width:250px;" | Used as a distributed eelctric electric charge source
| style="width:250px;" | Requires drawing geometric objects
| style="width:200px;" | [[EM.Ferma]]
| Permanent Magnet
| style="width:250px;" | Used as a distributed magnetization source
| style="width:250px;" | Requires drawing geometric objects
| style="width:200px;" | [[EM.Ferma]]
|-
| Fixed-Temperature PTC
| style="width:250px;" | Used as an isothermal surface heat source for thermal simulation
| style="width:250px;" | Requires drawing geometric objects
| style="width:200px;" | [[EM.Ferma]]
|-
| Volume Heat Source
| style="width:250px;" | Used as a distributed volume heat source for thermal simulation
| style="width:250px;" | Requires drawing geometric objects
| style="width:200px;" | [[EM.Ferma]]
| style="width:40px;" | [[image:fdtd-ico.png | link=[[EM.Tempo]]]]
| [[EM.Tempo]]
| style="width:350px;" | Lumpedsource, distributedsource, microstrip, COWCPW, coaxial and waveguide port sources, Hertzian dipole, wire current source, plane wave, Gaussian beam, Huygens source, arbitrary waveform | style="width:250px;" | Resistor, capacitor, inductor and , series RL, parallel RC, nonlinear diode , active lumped one-port and two-port devices, active distributed one-port and two-port devices
|-
| style="width:40px;" | [[image:prop-ico.png | link=[[EM.Terrano]]]]
| [[EM.Terrano]]
| style="width:350px;" | TransmittersPoint transmitter set, Hertzian dipolesdipole, Huygens source
| style="width:250px;" | N/A
|-
| style="width:40px;" | [[image:static-ico.png | link=[[EM.Ferma]]]]
| [[EM.Ferma]]
| style="width:270px;" | Volume charge, volume current, wire current and , permanent magnet, volume heat source
| style="width:250px;" | N/A
|-
[[Image:Info_icon.png|30px]] Click here to access '''[[Glossary of EM.Cube's Materials, Sources, Devices & Other Physical Object Types]]'''.
== Discretizing a Physical Structure Using a Mesh Generator in EM.Cube ==
In order to transform a physical modeling problem into a computational problem that can be solved using a numerical technique, your physical structure must first be discretized into simple canonical elements or mesh cells.
[[EM.Cube]]'s computational modules use a number of different mesh generation schemes to discretize physical structures. Even [[Building Geometrical Constructions in CubeCAD | CubeCAD]] provides several tools for object discretization. In general, all of [[EM.Cube]]'s mesh generation schemes can be grouped into three categories based on dimensionality:
#Linear Mesh
#Surface Mesh
#Volume Mesh
The linear mesh, also known as the wireframe mesh, is used by [[EM.Libera]] to discretize the physical structure for Wire MoM simulation. [[EM.Cube]] offers two types of surface mesh: triangular surface mesh and hybrid surface mesh. As its name implies, a triangular surface mesh is made up of interconnected triangular cells. [[EM.Terrano]], [[EM.Illumina]], [[EM.Libera]] and [[EM.Picasso]] all use triangular surface mesh generators to discretize surface geometric objects as well as the surface of solid geometric objects. The hybrid surface mesh is [[EM.Picasso]]'s default mesh. It combines rectangular and triangular cells to discretize planar structures. The hybrid surface mesh generator tries to produce as many identical rectangular cells as possible in rectangular regions of your planar structure.
[[EM.Cube]] provides two types of brick mesh, also known as voxel mesh, to discretize the volume of your computational domain. Brick meshes are entire-domain volume meshes and are made up of cubic cells. They are generated by a three-dimensional arrangement of grid lines along the X, Y and Z axes. [[EM.Tempo]] offers an "Adaptive" brick mesh as well as a "Fixed-Cell" brick mesh for the FDTD simulation of your physical structure. [[EM.Ferma]] offers only a fixed-mesh brick mesh for the solution of electrostatic and magnetostatic Laplace/Poisson equations.
<table>
<tr>
<td> [[Image:Mesh1_new.png|thumb|left|240px|The geometry of a metallic torus.]] </td>
<td> [[Image:Mesh2_new.png|thumb|left|240px|The brick volume mesh of the metallic torus.]] </td>
<td> [[Image:Mesh3_new.png|thumb|left|240px|The triangular surface mesh of the metallic torus.]] </td>
</tr>
</table>
The objects of your physical structure are discretized based on a specified mesh density. The default mesh densities of [[EM.Tempo]], [[EM.Picasso]], [[EM.Libera]] and [[EM.Illumina]] are expressed as the number of cells per effective wavelength. Therefore, the resolution of the default mesh in these modules is frequency-dependent. You can also define the mesh resolution using a fixed cell size or fixed edge length specified in project units. The mesh density of [[EM.Terrano]] is always expressed in terms of cell edge length. The mesh resolution of [[EM.Ferma]] is always specified as the fixed cell size. All of [[EM.Cube]]'s computational modules have default mesh settings that usually work well for most simulations.
The accuracy of the numerical solution of an electromagnet problem depends very much on the quality and resolution of the generated mesh. As a rule of thumb, a mesh density of about 10-25 cells per effective wavelength usually yields satisfactory results. Yet, for structures with lots of fine geometrical details or for highly resonant structures, higher mesh densities may be required. The particular simulation data you seek in a project also influences your choice of mesh resolution. For example, far-field characteristics like radiation patterns are less sensitive to the mesh density than the near-field distributions on a structure with a highly irregular shape and a rugged boundary.
The table below compares [[EM.Cube]]'s computational modules with regards to their mesh generator types:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! scope="col"|
! scope="col"| Module Name
! scope="col"| Mesh Type
|-
| style="width:40px;" | [[image:fdtd-ico.png | link=[[EM.Tempo]]]]
| [[EM.Tempo]]
| style="width:450px;" | Adaptive and fixed-cell volumetric brick (voxel) mesh
|-
| style="width:40px;" | [[image:prop-ico.png | link=[[EM.Terrano]]]]
| [[EM.Terrano]]
| style="width:450px;" | Triangular facet mesh
|-
| style="width:40px;" | [[image:static-ico.png | link=[[EM.Ferma]]]]
| [[EM.Ferma]]
| style="width:450px;" | Fixed-cell volumetric brick mesh
|-
| style="width:40px;" | [[image:planar-ico.png | link=[[EM.Picasso]]]]
| [[EM.Picasso]]
| style="width:450px;" | Hybrid rectangular-triangular surface mesh
|-
| style="width:40px;" | [[image:metal-ico.png | link=[[EM.Libera]]]]
| [[EM.Libera]]
| style="width:450px;" | Wireframe and triangular surface mesh
|-
| style="width:40px;" | [[image:po-ico.png | link=[[EM.Illumina]]]]
| [[EM.Illumina]]
| style="width:450px;" | Triangular surface mesh
|}
[[Image:Info_icon.png|30px]] Click here to access '''[[Glossary of EM.Cube's Mesh Generators & Simulation-Related Operations]]'''.
== Defining Simulation Observables in EM.Cube ==
| style="width:250px;" | Electric and Magnetic Field Distributions
| Field Sensor
| style="width:250px;" | [[EM.Tempo]], [[EM.Terrano|Em.Terrano]], [[EM.IlluminaFerma]], [[EM.FermaPicasso]], [[EM.PicassoLibera]], [[EM.LiberaIllumina]]
|-
| style="width:250px;" | Electric and Magnetic Current Distributions
| Current Distribution
| style="width:250px;" | [[EM.IlluminaPicasso]], [[EM.PicassoLibera]], [[EM.LiberaIllumina]]
|-
| style="width:250px;" | Temporal Fields
| style="width:250px;" | Far-Field Radiation Patterns
| Far-Field Radiation Pattern
| style="width:250px;" | [[EM.Tempo]], [[EM.Terrano|Em.TerranoPicasso]], [[EM.IlluminaLibera]], [[EM.PicassoIllumina]], [[EM.LiberaTerrano]]
|-
| style="width:250px;" | Radiation Characteristics (D0, HPBW, SLL, AR, etc.)
| Far-Field Radiation Pattern
| style="width:250px;" | [[EM.Tempo]], [[EM.Terrano|Em.TerranoPicasso]], [[EM.IlluminaLibera]], [[EM.PicassoIllumina]], [[EM.LiberaTerrano]]
|-
| style="width:250px;" | Radar Cross Section (RCS)
| RCS
| style="width:250px;" | [[EM.Tempo]], [[EM.IlluminaPicasso]], [[EM.PicassoLibera]], [[EM.LiberaIllumina]]
|-
| style="width:250px;" | Huygens Surface Data
| Huygens Surface
| style="width:250px;" | [[EM.Tempo]], [[EM.Terrano|Em.TerranoPicasso]], [[EM.IlluminaLibera]], [[EM.PicassoIllumina]], [[EM.LiberaTerrano]]
|-
| style="width:250px;" | Port Characteristics (S/Z/Y Parameters)
| style="width:250px;" | [[EM.Tempo]], [[EM.Picasso]]
|-
| style="width:250px;" | Temporal Electric and Magnetic Energies and Dissipated Power| Energy-Power| Domain style="width:250px;" | [[EM.Tempo]]|-| style="width:250px;" | Electric and Magnetic Field Densities and Dissipated Power Density | Field Sensor & Energy-Power| style="width:250px;" | [[EM.Tempo]], [[EM.Ferma]]|-| style="width:250px;" | Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) Density| Field Sensor & Energy-Power| style="width:250px;" | [[EM.Tempo]]|-| style="width:250px;" | Complex Poynting Vector| Field Sensor & Energy-Power| style="width:250px;" | [[EM.Tempo]]
|-
| style="width:250px;" | Static Electric and Magnetic Energy & Ohmic Losses
| style="width:250px;" | [[EM.Ferma]]
|-
| style="width:250px;" | Resistance, Capacitance, Self-Inductanceand Mutual Inductance| Field Integrals| style="width:250px;" | [[EM.Ferma]]|-| style="width:250px;" | Temperature and heat flux distributions| Field Sensor| style="width:250px;" | [[EM.Ferma]]|-| style="width:250px;" | Thermal energy density | Field Sensor| style="width:250px;" | [[EM.Ferma]]|-| style="width:250px;" | Thermal Flux and Thermal Energy
| Field Integrals
| style="width:250px;" | [[EM.Ferma]]
|-
| style="width:250px;" | Received Power
| Receiver Set
| style="width:250px;" | [[EM.Terrano]]
|-
| style="width:250px;" | Channel Path Loss
| Receiver Set
| style="width:250px;" | [[EM.Terrano]]
| style="width:250px;" | [[EM.Terrano]]
|-
| style="width:250px;" | Channel Path Loss E<sub>b</sub>/N<sub>0</sub> | Receiver Set| style="width:250px;" | [[EM.Terrano]]|-| style="width:250px;" | Bit Error Rate (BER) | Receiver Set| style="width:250px;" | [[EM.Terrano]]|-| style="width:250px;" | Power Delay Profile | Receiver Set| style="width:250px;" | [[EM.Terrano]]|-| style="width:250px;" | Angles of Arrival and Departure
| Receiver Set
| style="width:250px;" | [[EM.Terrano]]
| style="width:40px;" | [[image:fdtd-ico.png | link=[[EM.Tempo]]]]
| [[EM.Tempo]]
| style="width:600px;" | Near-field distributions, far-field radiation patterns and characteristics, RCS, periodic R/T coefficients, temporal waveforms, S/Z/Y parameters, port current/voltage/power, electric and magnetic field densities, dissipated power density, SAR density, complex Poynting vector, temporal domain electric and magnetic energies and dissipated power
|-
| style="width:40px;" | [[image:prop-ico.png | link=[[EM.Terrano]]]]
| [[EM.Terrano]]
| style="width:600px;" | Received power coverage, field distributions, SNR, E<sub>b</sub>/N<sub>0</sub>, BER, ray information(delay and angles of arrival and departure, ray fields, ray power)
|-
| style="width:40px;" | [[image:static-ico.png | link=[[EM.Ferma]]]]
| [[EM.Ferma]]
| style="width:600px;" | Electric or magnetic fields & potentials, electric and magnetic energy densities, dissipated power density, voltage, current, electric and magnetic energy, Ohmic power loss, electric and magnetic flux, capacitance, inductance, resistance, temperature, heat flux density, thermal energy density, thermal flux and energy
|-
| style="width:40px;" | [[image:planar-ico.png | link=[[EM.Picasso]]]]
|}
[[Image:Info_icon.png|30px]] Click here to access '''[[Glossary of EM.Cube's Simulation Observables& Graph Types]]'''. == Discretizing a Physical Structure Using a Mesh Generator in EM.Cube == In order to transform a physical modeling problem into a computational problem that can be solved using a numerical technique, your physical structure must first be discretized into simple canonical elements or mesh cells.[[EM.Cube]]'s computational modules use a number of different mesh generation schemes to discretize physical structures. Even [[Building Geometrical Constructions in CubeCAD | CubeCAD]] provides several tools for object discretization. In general, all of [[EM.Cube]]'s mesh generation schemes can be grouped into three categories based on dimensionality: #Linear Mesh#Surface Mesh#Volume Mesh The linear mesh, also known as the wireframe mesh, is used by [[EM.Libera]] to discretize the physical structure for Wire MoM simulation. [[EM.Cube]] offers two types of surface mesh: triangular surface mesh and hybrid surface mesh. As its name implies, a triangular surface mesh is made up of interconnected triangular cells. [[EM.Terrano]], [[EM.Illumina]], [[EM.Libera]] and [[EM.Picasso]] all use triangular surface mesh generators to discretize surface geometric objects as well as the surface of solid geometric objects. The hybrid surface mesh is [[EM.Picasso]]'s default mesh. It combines rectangular and triangular cells to discretize planar structures. The hybrid surface mesh generator tries to produce as many identical rectangular cells as possible in rectangular regions of your planar structure. [[EM.Cube]] provides two types of brick mesh, also known as voxel mesh, to discretize the volume of your computational domain. Brick meshes are entire-domain volume meshes and are made up of cubic cells. They are generated by a three-dimensional arrangement of grid lines along the X, Y and Z axes. [[EM.Tempo]] offers an "Adaptive" brick mesh as well as a "Fixed-Cell" brick mesh for the FDTD simulation of your physical structure. [[EM.Ferma]] offers only a fixed-mesh brick mesh for the solution of electrostatic and magnetostatic Laplace/Poisson equations. <table><tr><td> [[Image:Mesh1_new.png|thumb|left|240px|The geometry of a metallic torus.]] </td><td> [[Image:Mesh2_new.png|thumb|left|240px|The brick volume mesh of the metallic torus.]] </td><td> [[Image:Mesh3_new.png|thumb|left|240px|The triangular surface mesh of the metallic torus.]] </td></tr></table> The objects of your physical structure are discretized based on a specified mesh density. The default mesh densities of [[EM.Tempo]], [[EM.Picasso]], [[EM.Libera]] and [[EM.Illumina]] are expressed as the number of cells per effective wavelength. Therefore, the resolution of the default mesh in these modules is frequency-dependent. You can also define the mesh resolution using a fixed cell size or fixed edge length specified in project units. The mesh density of [[EM.Terrano]] is always expressed in terms of cell edge length. The mesh resolution of [[EM.Ferma]] is always specified as the fixed cell size. All of [[EM.Cube]]'s computational modules have default mesh settings that usually work well for most simulations. The accuracy of the numerical solution of an electromagnet problem depends very much on the quality and resolution of the generated mesh. As a rule of thumb, a mesh density of about 10-25 cells per effective wavelength usually yields satisfactory results. Yet, for structures with lots of fine geometrical details or for highly resonant structures, higher mesh densities may be required. The particular simulation data you seek in a project also influences your choice of mesh resolution. For example, far-field characteristics like radiation patterns are less sensitive to the mesh density than the near-field distributions on a structure with a highly irregular shape and a rugged boundary. The table below compares [[EM.Cube]]'s computational modules with regards to their mesh generator types: {| class="wikitable"|-! scope="col"| ! scope="col"| Module Name ! scope="col"| Mesh Type |-| style="width:40px;" | [[image:fdtd-ico.png | link=[[EM.Tempo]]]] | [[EM.Tempo]]| style="width:450px;" | Adaptive and fixed-cell volumetric brick (voxel) mesh |-| style="width:40px;" | [[image:prop-ico.png | link=[[EM.Terrano]]]] | [[EM.Terrano]]| style="width:450px;" | Triangular facet mesh|-| style="width:40px;" | [[image:static-ico.png | link=[[EM.Ferma]]]] | [[EM.Ferma]]| style="width:450px;" | Fixed-cell volumetric brick mesh|-| style="width:40px;" | [[image:planar-ico.png | link=[[EM.Picasso]]]] | [[EM.Picasso]]| style="width:450px;" | Hybrid rectangular-triangular surface mesh|-| style="width:40px;" | [[image:metal-ico.png | link=[[EM.Libera]]]] | [[EM.Libera]]| style="width:450px;" | Wireframe and triangular surface mesh|-| style="width:40px;" | [[image:po-ico.png | link=[[EM.Illumina]]]] | [[EM.Illumina]]| style="width:450px;" | Triangular surface mesh|} [[Image:Info_icon.png|30px]] Click here to access '''[[Glossary of EM.Cube's Simulation-Related Operations]]'''.
<br />