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{{projectinfo|V&V|Modeling Broadband And Circularly Polarized Patch Antennas Using EM.Picasso|ART UWB title.png|In this article, metallic target structures a number of different geometrical shapes wideband and circularly polarized patch antenna designs are simulated using in EM.Tempo, EM.Libera and EM.IlluminaPicasso, and the results are validated by the published data.|*Perfect Electric Conductor[[EM.Picasso]]*Plane Patch Antenna *Wideband Design*Return Loss*Voltage Standing Wave SourceRatio (VSWR)*Circular Polarization (CP)*Radar Cross SectionAxial Ratio

In [[EM.Picasso]], the probe feed of the patch is modeled using a probe feed placed on a vertical PEC via of radius 0.6mm. For the planar MoM simulation, a center frequency of 4GHz and a frequency bandwidth of 4GHz was were assumed, defining the range [2GHz – 6GHz]. Figure 2 shows the planar structure setup in [[EM.Picasso]].

[[Image:ART UWB4.png|thumb|left|550px|Figure 3: Input impedance of the U-slot patch antenna over the range [2GHz – 6GHz]. Solid yellow red line: EM.Picasso results for input resistance, solid red blue line: EM.Picasso results for input reactance, orange symbols: measured input resistance presented by Ref. [1], and magenta turquoise symbols: measured input reactance presented by Ref. [1].]]

[[Image:ART UWB5.png|thumb|left|550px|Figure 4: Voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of the U-slot patch antenna over the range [3.5GHz – 5.5GHz]. Solid yellow line: EM.Picasso results, and orange symbols: measured data presented by Ref. [1].]]

Reference [4] presents measured data for the L-feed patch antenna. In the fabricated antenna used for measurement, the inner conductor of the coaxial feed is bent at a 90°angle such that its vertical arm has a height of Lv, while its horizontal arm, which is parallel to the surface of the patch, has a length of Lh. In [[EM.Picasso]], we modeled the coaxial probe with a vertical PEC via of radius r and height Lv, which is then transitioned to a horizontal PEC strip of length Lh. Figure 12 shows the planar structure setup for the L-feed patch in [[EM.Picasso]].

[[Image:ART UWB16.png|thumb|left|480px|Figure 12: Planar structure setup for L-feed patch antenna in [[EM.Picasso]]. The patch is shown in mouse-over state.]]

[[Image:ART UWB25.png|thumb|left|360px|Figure 1019: Geometry of the CP patch antenna with truncated corners on a foam substrate.]]

[[Image:ART UWB30.png|thumb|left|550px|Figure 2223: Axial ratio (AR) of the CP patch antenna with truncated corners as a function of the elevation angle in the principal YZ and ZX planes.]]

[[Image:ART UWB29.png|thumb|left|550px|Figure 2324: Axial ratio (AR) of the CP patch antenna with truncated corners over the range [4.75GHz – 5.25GHz]. Solid line: [[EM.Picasso]] results, and symbols: measured data presented by Ref. [5] to represent the AR < 2 bandwidth of the CP antenna. ]]

The rectangular patch with truncated corners is a narrowband antenna. By increasing the foam thickness and cutting out a U-slot from the surface of the patch, one can increase the impedance bandwidth of the antenna as well as its axial ratio bandwidth. Figure 29 25 shows the geometry of the CP U-slot patch antenna with corner truncations. The following table shows the substrate properties as well as the geometrical dimensions of the CP U-Slot patch antenna:

[[Image:ART UWB31A.png|thumb|left|360px|Figure 1025: Geometry of CP U-slot patch antenna with truncated corners on a foam substrate.]]

Figure 30 26 shows the problem project setup for the CP U-slot patch antenna with truncated corners in [[EM.Picasso]].

[[Image:ART UWB31.png|thumb|left|480px|Figure 1026: Planar structure setup for CP U-slot patch antenna with truncated corners in [[EM.Picasso]].]]

Figure 32 27 shows the return loss results of [[EM.Picasso]] for the CP U-slot patch antenna with cut corners and compares the results to the measured data presented by Reference [6]. This reference reports a measured impedance bandwidth of 12.8% [3.66GHz – 4.16GHz]. [[EM.Picasso]] shows a slightly larger bandwidth up to 4.21GHz.

[[Image:ART UWB32.png|thumb|left|550px|Figure 1027: Return loss of the CP U-slot patch antenna with truncated corners. Solid line: [[EM.Picasso]] results, and symbols: measured data presented by Ref. [6].]]

<table><tr><td>[[Image:ART UWB34.png|thumb|left|550px|Figure 29: Axial ratio (AR) of the CP U-slot patch antenna with corner truncations truncated corners over the frequency range [3.7GHz &ndash; 4.3GHz]. Solid line: [[EM.Picasso]] results, and symbols: measured data presented by Ref. [6]. ]]</td></tr></table>

3D radiation pattern Another method of achieving a broadband CP antenna is to use an L-feed in conjunction with a rectangular patch with truncated corners on a thick foam substrate. In this way, one can increase the impedance bandwidth of the antenna as well as its axial ratio bandwidth. Figure 30 shows the geometry of the CP UL-slot feed patch antenna with corner truncations computed by [[EM.Picasso]] at f = 3.95GHz. The following table shows the substrate properties as well as the geometrical dimensions of the CP L-feed patch antenna:

Figure 33 shows the 3D radiation pattern of the CP U-slot patch antenna computed by <table><tr><td>[[EM.Cube]] at the frequency 3.95GHzImage:ART UWB40. png|thumb|left|480px|Figure 34 shows the axial ratio 30: Geometry of the UCP L-slot feed patch antenna with truncated corners on the a foam substrate computed by [[EM.Picasso]]. It also shows the measure axial ratio data presented by Ref. [6].</td></tr></table>

== Circularly Polarized Figure 31 shows the project setup for the CP L-Feed Patch Antenna feed patch antenna with Corner Truncations == truncated corners in [[EM.Picasso]].

Geometry Figure 32 shows the return loss results of [[EM.Picasso]] for the CP L-feed patch antenna with corner truncations on truncated corners and compares the results to the measured data presented by Reference [6]. This reference reports a foam substratemeasured impedance bandwidth of 37% [3.47GHz &ndash; 5.05GHz]. [[EM.Picasso]]&rsquo;s return loss graph first reaches -10dB point at 3.71GHz, but it is rises slightly and crosses this threshold again at 4.2GHz and remain below -10dB up to 5.64GHz.

Another method Figure 33 shows the 3D radiation pattern of achieving a broadband the CP antenna is to use an L-feed in conjunction with a rectangular patch antenna with corner truncations on a thick foam substratetruncated corners computed by [[EM. In this way, one can increase Cube]] at the impedance bandwidth of the antenna as well as its axial ratio bandwidthfrequency 4.15GHz. Figure 35 34 shows the geometry directivity of the CP L-feed patch antenna with corner truncationstruncated corners computed by [[EM. The following table Picasso]]. It also shows the substrate properties as well as the geometrical dimensions of the CP L-feed patch antenna:measured axial ratio data presented by Ref. [6].

Planar mesh <table><tr><td>[[Image:ART UWB43.png|thumb|left|640px|Figure 33: 3D radiation pattern of the CP L-feed patch antenna with corner truncations in truncated corners computed by [[EM.Picasso]]at f = 4. 15GHz. ]]</td></tr></table>

Planar structure setup for CP L-feed patch antenna in [[EM.Picasso]]. <table><tr><td>Figure 36 shows the problem setup for the CP L-feed patch antenna with corner truncations in [[EM.Picasso]]Image:ART UWB44. png|thumb|left|550px|Figure 37 shows the planar mesh of this patch structure generated by [[EM.Picasso]].  Return loss of the CP L-feed patch antenna with corner truncations. Solid line34: [[EM.Picasso]] results, and symbols: measured data presented by Ref. [6].   Figure 38 shows the return loss results of [[EM.Picasso]] for the CP L-feed patch antenna with corner truncations and compares the results to the measured data presented by Reference [6]. This reference reports a measured impedance bandwidth of 37% [3.47GHz &ndash; 5.05GHz]. [[EM.Picasso]]&rsquo;s return loss graph first reaches -10dB point at 3.71GHz, but it is rises slightly and crosses this threshold again at 4.2GHz and remain below -10dB up to 5.64GHz.  Axial ratio (AR) of the CP L-feed patch antenna with corner truncations truncated corners over the range [3GHz &ndash; 6GHz]. Solid line: [[EM.Picasso]] results, and symbols: measured data presented by Ref. [6].   3D radiation pattern of the CP L-feed patch antenna with corner truncations computed by [[EM.Picasso]] at f = 4.15GHz. </td></tr> Figure 39 shows the 3D radiation pattern of the CP L-feed patch antenna computed by [[EM.Cube]] at the frequency 4.15GHz. Figure 40 shows the directivity of the CP L-feed patch antenna on the foam substrate computed by [[EM.Picasso]]. It also shows the measured axial ratio data presented by Ref. [6]. </table>

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