The Very Old Glossary of Black-Box Spectral Processing & Modulation Virtual Blocks

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Amplitude Modulator Block

GL87.png

This device takes an input signal and generates an AM modulated output signal of a specified carrier frequency with a specified modulation index.

Parameters:

NAME PARAMETER UNITS DEFAULT NOTES
r_in input resistance Ω 1G
r_out output resistance Ω 1u
m modulation index - 0.5
fc carrier frequency Hz 1Meg
ac carrier peak amplitude V 1

Amplitude Shift-Keying Modulator Block

GL91.png

This device takes a digital input like a binary sequence and generates an ASK modulated output signal with two specified carrier amplitude levels.

Parameters:

NAME PARAMETER UNITS DEFAULT NOTES
r_out output resistance Ω 1u
fc carrier frequency Hz 1Meg
ac_lo low carrier peak amplitude V 0.0
ac_hi high carrier peak amplitude V 1.0

Analog One-Half Frequency Divider Block

GL78.png

This device takes a harmonic input signal and generates a harmonic output signal with a frequency one half lower and a user specified amplitude.

Parameters:

NAME PARAMETER UNITS DEFAULT NOTES
r_in input resistance Ω 1G
r_out output resistance Ω 1u
max_val output amplitude V 1.0

Analog Phase-Locked Loop Block

GL86.png

This 5-pin device is a parameterized model of an analog phase-locked loop. It provides two phase-locked output signals with square wave and triangular wave waveforms. The outputs of the lowpass filter and phase detector are also accessible via the designated pins.

Parameters:

NAME PARAMETER UNITS DEFAULT NOTES
r_in input resistance Ω 1G
r_out output resistance Ω 1u
K_d voltage conversion factor of phase detector V/rad 1.0
K_f frequency conversion factor of VCO Hz/V 1k
V_sq square wave output peak amplitude V 1
V_tri triangular wave output peak amplitude V 1
VT VCO input dynamic range V 1
r_time VCO timing resistor Ω 12k
c_time VCO timing capacitor F 10n
fo VCO free-running frequency Hz 1k
r_lpf lowpass filter resistor Ω 10k
c_lpf lowpass filter capacitor F 100n

Delta Modulator Block

GL95.png

This device samples an input signal at the specified sampling period and generates a Delta modulated output signal from it.

Parameters:

NAME PARAMETER UNITS DEFAULT NOTES
r_in input resistance Ω 1G
r_out output resistance Ω 1u
T sampling period sec 1
duty_cycle sampling pulse duty cycle - 0.01

Delta-Sigma Modulator Block

GL96.png

This device samples an input signal at the specified sampling period and generates a Delta-Sigma modulated output signal from it.

Parameters:

NAME PARAMETER UNITS DEFAULT NOTES
r_in input resistance Ω 1G
r_out output resistance Ω 1u
T sampling period sec 1
duty_cycle sampling pulse duty cycle - 0.01

Differential Phase Shift-Keying Modulator Block

GL94.png

This device takes a digital input like a binary sequence and generates a DPSK modulated output signal with two specified carrier phase values. It also requires a digital clock input for synchronization.

Parameters:

NAME PARAMETER UNITS DEFAULT NOTES
r_out output resistance Ω 1u
phi_lo low carrier phase value rad 0
phi_hi high carrier phase value rad π
fc carrier frequency Hz 1Meg
ac carrier peak amplitude V 1.0

Frequency Doubler Block

GL76.png

This device takes a harmonic input signal and generates a harmonic output signal with twice the frequency and a user specified amplitude.

Parameters:

NAME PARAMETER UNITS DEFAULT NOTES
r_in input resistance Ω 1G
r_out output resistance Ω 1u
max_val output amplitude V 1.0

Frequency Down-Converter Block

GL80.png

This 3-pin device takes two harmonic input signals with different frequencies fLO and fIF and generates a harmonic output signal with a frequency equal to fRF = fLO - fIF and a user specified amplitude.

Parameters:

NAME PARAMETER UNITS DEFAULT NOTES
r_in input resistance Ω 1G
r_out output resistance Ω 1u
max_in peak amplitude of both inputs V 1.0 Both inputs must have equal amplitudes.
max_out output amplitude V 1.0

Frequency Modulator Block

GL88.png

This device takes an input signal and generates an FM modulated output signal of a specified carrier frequency with a specified maximum frequency deviation.

Parameters:

NAME PARAMETER UNITS DEFAULT NOTES
r_in input resistance Ω 1G
r_out output resistance Ω 1u
f_del maximum frequency deviation Hz 500k
fc carrier frequency Hz 1Meg
ac carrier peak amplitude V 1

Frequency Shift-Keying Modulator Block

GL92.png

This device takes a digital input like a binary sequence and generates an FSK modulated output signal with two specified carrier frequencies.

Parameters:

NAME PARAMETER UNITS DEFAULT NOTES
r_out output resistance Ω 1u
fc_lo low carrier frequency Hz 1Meg
fc_hi high carrier frequency Hz 2Meg
ac carrier peak amplitude V 1.0

Frequency Up-Converter Block

GL79.png

This 3-pin device takes two harmonic input signals with different frequencies fLO and fIF and generates a harmonic output signal with a frequency equal to fRF = fLO + fIF and a user specified amplitude.

Parameters:

NAME PARAMETER UNITS DEFAULT NOTES
r_in input resistance Ω 1G
r_out output resistance Ω 1u
max_in peak amplitude of both inputs V 1.0 both inputs must have equal amplitudes.
max_out output amplitude V 1.0

Generalized Analog Filter Block

GL85.png

This block models a generalize analog filter characterized by a rational transfer functions in the spectral domain Laplace variable s:

[math] H(s) = \frac{N(s)}{D(s)} = \frac{ \sum_{m=0}^{M} b_m s^m }{ \sum_{n=0}^{N} a_n s^n } [/math]

subject to the requirement N ≥ M and aN = 1. To access the parameters of this block, you have to click the Edit Model... button of its property dialog.

The functionality of this block, which is native to RF.Spice A/D, is very similar to the s-domain transfer function block, which is an XPSICE process model. This block does not have a denormalization frequency parameter. Therefore, at frequencies other than the unit frequency, the transfer function must be explicitly scaled. This block can be used in conjunction with both transient and AC frequency sweep tests.

Parameters:

NAME PARAMETER UNITS DEFAULT NOTES
deg highest degree of s in transfer function - 2 required
coeff_den denominator coefficients array: coefficients of powers of s, highest power first - 1 0 1 required
coeff_num numerator coefficients array: coefficients of powers of s, highest power first - 0 0 1 required
r_in input resistance Ω 10G
r_out output resistance Ω 1u

Generic Bandpass Filter Block

GL83.png

This device is a generic bandpass filter with user specified center frequency and bandwidth. It is based on a fifth-order Butterworth LC ladder topology.

Parameters:

NAME PARAMETER UNITS DEFAULT NOTES
f0 center frequency Hz 1Meg
bw bandwidth Hz 200k
r0 source/load resistance Ω 50

Generic Bandstop Filter Block

GL84.png

This device is a generic bandstop filter with user specified center frequency and bandwidth. It is based on a fifth-order Butterworth LC ladder topology.

Parameters:

NAME PARAMETER UNITS DEFAULT NOTES
f0 center frequency Hz 1Meg
bw bandwidth Hz 200k
r0 source/load resistance Ω 50

Generic Highpass Filter Block

GL82.png

This device is a generic highpass filter with a user specified cutoff frequency. It is based on a fifth-order Butterworth LC ladder topology.

Parameters:

NAME PARAMETER UNITS DEFAULT NOTES
cutoff cutoff frequency Hz 1Meg
r0 source/load resistance Ω 50

Generic Lowpass Filter Block

GL81.png

This device is a generic lowpass filter with a user specified cutoff frequency. It is based on a fifth-order Butterworth LC ladder topology.

Parameters:

NAME PARAMETER UNITS DEFAULT NOTES
cutoff cutoff frequency Hz 1Meg
r0 source/load resistance Ω 50

Phase Modulator Block

GL89.png

This device takes an input signal and generates an PM modulated output signal of a specified carrier frequency with a specified maximum phase deviation.

Parameters:

NAME PARAMETER UNITS DEFAULT NOTES
r_in input resistance Ω 1G
r_out output resistance Ω 1u
phi_del maximum phase deviation rad π
fc carrier frequency Hz 1Meg
ac carrier peak amplitude V 1
phi0 carrier phase rad 0

Phase Shift-Keying Modulator Block

GL93.png

This device takes a digital input like a binary sequence and generates a PSK modulated output signal with two specified carrier phase values.

Parameters:

NAME PARAMETER UNITS DEFAULT NOTES
r_out output resistance Ω 1u
phi_lo low carrier phase value rad 0
phi_hi high carrier phase value rad π
fc carrier frequency Hz 1Meg
ac carrier peak amplitude V 1.0

Pulse Width Modulator Block

GL97.png

This device takes an input signal and compares it to an internally generated ramp signal with a specified period and generates a binary PWM modulated output signal. A designated pin provides the ramp signal output.

Parameters:

NAME PARAMETER UNITS DEFAULT NOTES
r_in input resistance Ω 1G
r_out output resistance Ω 1u
V_lo low output voltage level V 0
V_hi high output voltage level V 1
V_lo hysteresis voltage tolerance V 100m
T_rmp sampling period sec 1m
rmp_lo ramp minimum voltage level V 0
rmp_hi ramp maximum voltage level V 1
duty_cycle ramp duty cycle - 0.01 Must be between 0.01 and 0.99

Quadrature Amplitude Modulator Block

GL90.png

This 3-pin device takes two input signals and generates a QAM modulated output signal of a specified carrier frequency:

[math] v_{out}(t) = A_c \left( v_{in_I}(t) \cdot \cos(2\pi f_c t) + v_{in_Q}(t) \cdot \sin(2\pi f_c t) \right) [/math]

Parameters:

NAME PARAMETER UNITS DEFAULT NOTES
r_in input resistance Ω 1G
r_out output resistance Ω 1u
fc carrier frequency Hz 1Meg
ac carrier peak amplitude V 1

Sine Wave VCO Block

GL73.png

This device is a voltage-controlled oscillator block with a sinusoidal output signal.

Parameters:

NAME PARAMETER UNITS DEFAULT NOTES
fo free-running frequency Hz 1Meg
K_f frequency conversion factor Hz/V 500k
max_val output peak amplitude V 1

Square Wave VCO Block

GL75.png

This device is a voltage-controlled oscillator block with a square wave output signal oscillating between two binary voltage levels.

Parameters:

NAME PARAMETER UNITS DEFAULT NOTES
fo free-running frequency Hz 1Meg
K_f frequency conversion factor Hz/V 500k
duty_cycle pulse duty cycle - 0.5
rise_time pulse rise time sec 1n
fall_time pulse fall time sec 1n
out_low output lower limit V -1.0
out_high output higher limit V -1.0

Triangular Wave VCO Block

GL74.png

This device is a voltage-controlled oscillator block with a triangular wave output signal oscillating between two binary voltage levels. The parameter "duty_cycle" has a default value of 0.5, generating a symmetric triangular output. In the limiting cases of duty_cycle = 0.99 and duty_cycle = 0.01, the output will have an up-ramp or a down-ramp sawtooth waveform, respectively.

Parameters:

NAME PARAMETER UNITS DEFAULT NOTES
fo free-running frequency Hz 1Meg
K_f frequency conversion factor Hz/V 500k
duty_cycle triangular waveform duty cycle - 0.5 Must be between 0.01 and 0.99.
out_low output lower limit V -1.0
out_high output higher limit V -1.0

xN Frequency Multiplier Block

GL77.png

These devices take a harmonic input signal and generate a harmonic output signal with a frequency N times larger and a user specified amplitude: N = 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10.

Parameters:

NAME PARAMETER UNITS DEFAULT NOTES
r_in input resistance Ω 1G
r_out output resistance Ω 1u
max_val output amplitude V 1.0

 

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