== Observables in EM.Ferma ==
=== Field Sensor Sensors ===
Just like other [[EM.Cube|EM.CUBE]] Modules, EM.Ferma has a standard Field Sensor observable, which plots 3D visualizations of electric and magnetic field components on a specified plane. However, unlike the other modules, EM.Ferma field sensors have two additional plots for electric scalar potential and magnitude of the magnetic vector potential. These are called the "EPot" and "HPot" nodes on the Navigation Tree. To specify define a Field Sensor, right-click on "Field Sensors" in the navigation tree Navigation Tree and click select "Add Insert NewObservable..."from the contextual menu. The Field Sensor dialog allows the user to select the direction of the sensor(X, Y, Z), visualization type, and whether E-field output or H-field output will be shown during a sweep analysis. Â In EM.Ferma, Field Sensors are also used to specify 2D solution planes for EM.Ferma's 2D solution mode. This will be detailed shortly.
The E-fields and H-fields are computed at each mesh node within the specified 2D Field Sensor plane. In other words, the resolution of the Field Sensor is controlled by the mesh resolution.
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=== Field Integrals ===
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It is often needed to compute integrals of the electric or magnetic fields to define other related quantities. The following table shows some of widely used field integrals:
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=== Transmission Line Characteristics ===
In EM.Ferma's quasistatic mode, transmission-line [[parameters]] Z0 and EpsEff are computed, in addition to output due to the Field Sensor, which is required to define the 2D solution plane. Text files corresponding to these observables will be placed in the project's working directory after each analysis.
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== 2D Solution Planes in EM.Ferma ==