=== Exciting Periodic Structures as Radiators in EM.Picasso ===
When a periodic planar structure is excited using a gap or probe source, it acts like an infinite periodic phased array. All the periodic replicas of the unit cell structure are excited. You can even impose a phase progression across the infinite array to steer its beam. You can do this from the property dialog of the gap or probe source. At the bottom of the '''Planar Gap Circuit Source Dialog''' or '''Probe Gap Source Dialog''', there is a section button titled '''Periodic Beam Scan Angles...'''. You can enter desired values for '''Theta''' and '''Phi''' beam scan angles in degrees. To visualize the radiation patterns of a beam-steered antenna array, you have to define a finite-sized array factor in the Radiation Pattern dialog. You do this in the '''Impose Array Factor''' section of this dialog. The values of '''Element Spacing''' along the X and Y directions must be set equal to the value of '''Periodic Lattice Spacing''' along those directions.
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<td> [[Image:Period5.png|thumb|350px|Setting periodic scan angles in EM.Picasso's Gap Source dialog.]] </td>
<td> [[Image:Period5_ang.png|thumb|350px|Setting the array xxxxx beam scan angles in Periodic Scan Angles dialog.]] </td>
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