# PEC ground planes at the top or bottom of a planar structure are regarded and modeled as PEC top or bottom half-spaces, respectively.
# A PEC ground plane placed in the middle of a substrate stack-up requires at least one slot object to provide electromagnetic coupling between its top and bottom sides. In this case, a PMC slot trace is rather introduced at the given Z-plane, which also implies the presence of an infinite PEC ground although it is not explicitly indicated in the Navigation Tree.# Metallic and slot traces cannot coexist on the same Z-plane. However, you can stack up multiple PEC and conductive sheet traces at the same Z-coordinate. Similarly, multiple PMC slot traces can be placed at the same Z-coordinate.# Metallic and slot traces are strictly defined at the interface planes between substrate layers. To define a suspended metallic trace in inside a substrate dielectric layer (as in the case of the center conductor of a stripline), you must split the dielectric layer into two thinner substrate layers and place your PEC trace at the interface between them.# The current version of the Planar MoM EM.Picasso's simulation engine is based on a 2.5-D MoM formulation. Only vertical volume currents and no circumferential components are allowed on embedded objects. The 2.5-D assumption holds very well in two cases: (a) when embedded objects are very thin with a very small cross section (with lateral dimensions less than 2-5% of the material wavelength) or (b) when embedded objects are very short and sandwiched between two closely spaced PEC traces or grounds from the top and bottom.# The current release of [[EM.Cube]] allows any number of PEC via sets collocated in the same substrate layer. However, you can define only one embedded dielectric object set per substrate layer, and no vias sets collocated in the same layer. Note that the single set can host an arbitrary number of embedded dielectric objects of the same material properties.
EM.Picasso does not allow construction of 3D CAD objects. Instead, you draw the cross section of prismatic objects as planar [[Surface Objects|surface objects]] parallel to the XY plane. [[EM.Cube]] then automatically extrudes these cross sections and constructs and displays 3D prisms over them. The prisms extend all the way across the thickness of the host substrate layer.