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EM.Illumina provides a computationally efficient alternative to full-wave solutions for extremely large structures when full-wave analysis becomes prohibitively expensive. A challenging step in establishing the PO currents is the determination of the lit and shadowed points on complex For simple scatterer geometries, EM. But this can become a time consuming task depending on the size of the computational problem. Besides Illumina's GO-PO, EMsolver is fairly adequate.Illumina also offers a novel Iterative Physical Optics (IPO) formulation, which automatically accounts But for complex geometries that involve multiple shadowing effects, the IPO solver must be utilized. The IPO technique can effectively capture dominant, near-field, multiple scattering effects from electrically large targetswith concave surfaces. You have to remember that Physical Optics is a surface simulator. This is not a problem for PEC and PMC objects, which have zero internal fields, or even impedance surfaces, where you can satisfy the boundary conditions on one side of a surface only. PO analysis cannot handle the fields inside dielectric objects. Additionally, most coupling effects between adjacent scatterers are neglected.