:<math> S_{ij} = \sqrt{\frac{|Re(Z_i)|}{|Re(Z_j)|} } \cdot \frac{V_j - Z_j^*I_j}{V_i+Z_i I_i} </math>
where V<sub>i</sub> is the voltage across Port i, I<sub>i</sub> is the current flowing into Port i and Z<sub>i</sub> is the characteristic impedance of Port i. The sweep loop then moves to the next port until all ports have been excited. The other parameters are then calculated as:
:<math>\mathbf{ [Z] = [\sqrt{Z_0}] \cdot ([U]+[S]) \cdot ([U]-[S])^{-1} \cdot [\sqrt{Z_0}] }</math>