# '''[[Defining_Materials_in_EM.Cube#Impedance_Surfaces_.26_Conductive_Sheet_Traces | Conductive Sheet Traces]]'''
# '''[[Defining_Materials_in_EM.Cube#Perfect_Magnetic_Conductors_.26_Slot_Traces | Slot Traces]]'''
# '''[[Defining_Materials_in_EM.Cube#Perfect_Electric_Conductors_.26_Metal_Traces | PEC Via Sets:]]''' These are metallic objects such as shorting pins, interconnect vias, plated-through holes, etc. that are grouped together as prismatic object sets. The embedded objects are modeled as vertical volume conduction currents.# '''[[Defining_Materials_in_EM.Cube#Defining_Dielectric_Materials | Embedded Dielectric Sets:]]''' These are prismatic dielectric objects inserted inside a substrate layer. You can define a finite permittivity and conductivity for such objects, but their height is always the same as the height of their host layer. The embedded dielectric objects are modeled as vertical volume polarization currents.
You can define two types of metallic traces in EM.Picasso: '''PEC traces Traces''' and conductive sheet traces'''Conductive Sheet Traces'''. PEC traces represent infinitesimally thin (zero thickness) planar metal objects that are deposited or metallized on or between substrate layers. PEC objects are modeled by surface electric currents. Conductive sheet traces, on the other hand, represent imperfect metals. They have a finite conductivity and a very small thickness expressed in project units. A surface impedance boundary condition is enforced on the surface of conductive sheet objects.
{{Note|Two or more PEC or conductive sheet traces can coexist at the same Z-coordinate. In this case, the Layer Stack-up Settings dialog shows these trace rows stacked up on top of each other between their common top and bottom substrate layers.}}
'''Slot traces Traces''' are used to model cut-out slots and apertures in PEC ground planes. Slot Planar slot objects are always assumed to lie on an infinite horizontal PEC ground plane with zero thickness, which is not explicitly displayed in the project workspace and its presence is implied. They are modeled by surface magnetic currents. When a slot is excited, tangential electric fields are formed on the aperture, which can be modeled as finite magnetic surface currents confined to the area of the slot. In other words, instead of modeling the electric surface currents on an infinite PEC ground around the slot, one can alternatively model the finite-extent magnetic surface currents on a perfect magnetic conductor (PMC) trace. Slot (PMC) objects provide the electromagnetic coupling between the two sides of an infinite PEC ground plane. '''PEC Via Sets''' are metallic objects such as shorting pins, interconnect vias, plated-through holes, etc. that are grouped together as prismatic object sets. The embedded objects are modeled as vertical volume conduction currents. '''Embedded Dielectric Sets''' are prismatic dielectric objects inserted inside a substrate layer. You can define a finite permittivity and conductivity for such objects, but their height is always the same as the height of their host layer. The embedded dielectric objects are modeled as vertical volume polarization currents.
=== Defining Traces & Embedded Object Sets ===