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Lumped elements are components, devices, or circuits whose overall dimensions are very small compared to the wavelength. As a result, they are considered to be dimensionless compared to the dimensions of a mesh cell. In fact, a lumped element is equivalent to an infinitesimally narrow gap that is placed in the path of current flow, across which the device's governing equations are enforced. Using Kirkhoff's laws, these device equations normally establish a relationship between the currents and voltages across the device or circuit. Crossing the bridge to Maxwell's domain, the device equations must now be cast into a from o boundary conditions that relate the electric and magnetic currents and fields. EM.Picasso allows you to define passive circuit elements: '''Resistors'''(R), '''Capacitors'''(C), '''Inductors'''(L), and series and parallel combinations of them.

[[Image:Info_icon.png|40px]] Click here to learn more about the theory of '''[[Computing_Port_Characteristics_in_Planar_MoMModeling_Lumped_Elements,_Circuits_%26_Devices_in_EM.Cube#Modeling_Lumped_Elements_in_Planar_MoMDefining_Lumped_Elements_in_EM.Picasso_.26_EM.Libera | Modeling Defining Lumped Elements in Planar MoM]]'''.

EM.Picasso allows you to define passive circuit elements[[Image: '''Resistors'''(R), C'''apacitors'''(C), I'''nductors'''(L), and series and parallel combinations of them Info_icon. To define png|40px]] Click here for a lumped RLC circuit in your planar structure, follow these steps: * Open the Lumped Element Dialog by right clicking on the '''Lumped Elements''' item in the '''Sources''' section general discussion of the Navigation Tree and selecting '''Insert New Source...'''* In the '''Gap Topology''' section of the dialog[[Modeling_Lumped_Elements, select one of the two options: '''Gap on Line''' and '''Gap on Via'''_Circuits_%26_Devices_in_EM.* In the '''Lumped Circuit Type''' section of the dialog, select one of the two options: '''Cube| Linear Passive RLC''' and '''& Nonlinear Active with Gap Source'''.* Depending on your choice of gap topology, in the '''Lumped Circuit Location''' section of the dialog, you will find either a list of all the '''Rectangle Strip Objects''' or a list of all the '''PEC Via Objects''' available in the project workspace. Select the desired rectangle strip or embedded PEC via object.* In the box labeled '''Offset''', enter the distance of the lumped element from the start point of the rectangle strip line or from the bottom of the via object, whichever the case. The value of '''Offset''' by default is initially set to the center of the line or via.* In the '''Load Properties''' section, the series and shunt resistance values Rs and Rp are specified in Ohms, the series and shunt inductance values Ls and Lp are specified in nH (nanohenry), and the series and shunt capacitance values Cs and Cp are specified in pF (picofarad). Only the checked elements are taken into account in the total impedance calculation. By default, only the series resistor is checked with a value of 50S, and all other circuit elements are initially greyed out.<br /> EM.Picasso allows you to define a voltage source in series with a series-parallel RLC combination and place them across the gap. This is called an active lumped element. If you choose the '''Active with Gap Source''' option of the '''Lumped Circuit Type''' section of the dialog, the right section of the dialog entitled '''Source Properties''' becomes enabled, where you can you can specify the '''Source Amplitude''' in Volts (or in Amperes in the case of PMC traces) and the '''Phase''' in degrees. Also, the box labeled '''Direction''' becomes relevant in this case which contains a gap source. Otherwise, a passive RLC circuit does not have polarity. If the project workspace contains an array of rectangle strip objects or PEC via objects, the array object will also be listed as an eligible object for lumped element placement. A lumped element will then be placed on each element of the array. All the lumped elements will have identical direction, offset, resistance, inductance and capacitance values. If you define an active lumped element, you can prescribe certain amplitude and/or phase distribution to the gap sources just like in the case of gap and probe sources. The available amplitude distributions include '''Uniform''', '''Binomial'''''', Chebyshev''' and '''Data FileDevices]]'''.