Then effective permittivity of the transmission line structure is then calculated from the equation:
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<math> \epsilon_{eff} = \frac{C}{C_a} </math>
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and its characteristic impedance is given by:
<math> Z_0 = \eta_0 \sqrt{ \frac{C_a}{C} } </math>
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where η<sub>0</sub> = 120π Ω is the intrinsic impedance of the free space.
=== Setting up a Transmission Line Simulation ===