Glossary of Generic RF Devices & Physical Transmission Lines
Contents
- 1 50-Ohm Load
- 2 Attenuator: Pi-Type
- 3 Attenuator: T-Type
- 4 Bias Tee
- 5 Bond Wire Above Ground
- 6 Bond Wire (Free-Space)
- 7 Branchline Hybrid Coupler
- 8 Chip Resistor
- 9 Coaxial Line
- 10 Coaxial Step in Inner Conductor
- 11 Coaxial Step in Outer Conductor
- 12 Complex Impedance
- 13 Conductor-Backed CPW Line
- 14 Coplanar Strips (CPS) Line
- 15 Coplanar Waveguide (CPW) Line
- 16 Coupled Microstrip Lines
- 17 Coupled Striplines
- 18 Covered CPW Line
- 19 Covered Conductor-Backed CPW Line
- 20 Covered Microstrip Line
- 21 CPW Gap
- 22 CPW Open End
- 23 CPW Short End
- 24 CPW Step
- 25 CPW With a Superstrate
- 26 Double-Layer CPW Line
- 27 Finite-Ground Coplanar Waveguide (FGCPW) Line
- 28 Generic Bend Junction
- 29 Generic Coupled T-Lines
- 30 Generic Cross Junction
- 31 Generic Multiport Networks
- 32 Generic Open End
- 33 Generic Open Stub
- 34 Generic Short Stub
- 35 Generic Step Junction
- 36 Generic T-Line
- 37 Generic Tee Junction
- 38 Ideal Circulator
- 39 Interdigital Capacitor
- 40 Inverted Microstrip Line
- 41 Loop Inductor
- 42 Metal-Insulator-Metal (MIM) Capacitor
- 43 Microstrip Butterfly Stub
- 44 Microstrip Cross
- 45 Microstrip Gap
- 46 Microstrip Line
- 47 Microstrip Mitered Bend
- 48 Microstrip Open End
- 49 Microstrip Radial Stub
- 50 Microstrip Right-Angeled Bend
- 51 Microstrip Slit
- 52 Microstrip Step
- 53 Microstrip Tee
- 54 Microstrip Via
- 55 Off-Center Stripline
- 56 Quarter-Wave Impedance Transformer
- 57 Rat-Race Hybrid Coupler
- 58 Resistive Power Divider
- 59 Spiral Inductor
- 60 Stripline
- 61 Stripline Gap
- 62 Stripline Mitered Bend
- 63 Stripline Open End
- 64 Stripline Right-Angled Bend
- 65 Stripline Step
- 66 Stripline Tee
- 67 Suspended Microstrip Line
- 68 Twin-Lead Line
- 69 Twisted-Pair Line
- 70 Wilkinson Power Divider
50-Ohm Load
This is a simple 50Ω resistive load, which can also be accessed by the keyboard shortcut Alt+5.
Attenuator: Pi-Type
This is a four-pin, two-port device that models a resistive power attenuator with the "Pi" configuration. The characteristic impedances of the input and output transmission lines can be different. The K-parameter is the power attenuation ratio from the input to the output.
Model Identifier: attenuator Pi Bold text
Parameters:
NAME | PARAMETER | UNITS | DEFAULT | NOTES |
---|---|---|---|---|
Zo1 | input line characteristic impedance | Ohms | 50.0 | |
Zo2 | output line characteristic impedance | Ohms | 50.0 | |
K | input/output power ratio | - | 1.0 |
Attenuator: T-Type
This is a four-pin, two-port device that models a resistive power attenuator with the "T" configuration. The characteristic impedances of the input and output transmission lines can be different. The K-parameter is the power attenuation ratio from the input to the output.
Model Identifier: attenuator T
Parameters:
NAME | PARAMETER | UNITS | DEFAULT | NOTES |
---|---|---|---|---|
Zo1 | input line characteristic impedance | Ohms | 50.0 | |
Zo2 | output line characteristic impedance | Ohms | 50.0 | |
K | input/output power ratio | - | 1.0 |
Bias Tee
This is a six-pin, three-port device that models a passive RF bias tee. The two RF and DC inputs mix into the output (RF+DC) port.
Model Identifier: bias-tee
Parameters:
NAME | PARAMETER | UNITS | DEFAULT | NOTES |
---|---|---|---|---|
L | inductance | nH | 100.0 | |
C | capacitance | nF | 100.0 |
Bond Wire Above Ground
This is a two-pin, one-port device that models a bond wire including the ground effect.
Model Identifier: BondWire-Free
Parameters:
NAME | PARAMETER | UNITS | DEFAULT | NOTES |
---|---|---|---|---|
r | wire radius | mm | 0.1 | |
l | pad spacing | mm | 1.0 | |
h | height above ground | mm | 1.0 | |
sigma | wire conductivity | S/m | 1e8 |
Bond Wire (Free-Space)
This is a two-pin, one-port device that models a bond wire with no ground effect.
Model Identifier: BondWire-Free
Parameters:
NAME | PARAMETER | UNITS | DEFAULT | NOTES |
---|---|---|---|---|
r | wire radius | mm | 0.1 | |
l | pad spacing | mm | 1.0 | |
sigma | wire conductivity | S/m | 1e8 |
Branchline Hybrid Coupler
This is an eight-pin, four-port device that models a branchline quadrature hybrid coupler. If Port 1 acts as an input port, the output power is equally split between Ports 2 and 3. Port 2 has 90° phase shift with respect to the input, while Port 3 is in-phase with respect to the input. Port 4 acts as an isolated port. Since the branchline hybrid has a symmetric structure, any port can serve as the input port. You have to specify the center frequency of the device in GHz.
Model Identifier: branchline
Parameters:
NAME | PARAMETER | UNITS | DEFAULT | NOTES |
---|---|---|---|---|
Z0 | line characteristic impedance | Ohms | 50.0 | |
eeff | effective permittivity | - | 1.0 | |
fc | center frequency | GHz | 1.0 | |
len | port line segment length | mm | 10.0 |
Chip Resistor
This is a four-pin, two-port device that models a semiconductor chip resistor. The resistor is made of a thin film deposited between two Ohmic pads on a dielectric substrate.
Model Identifier: chip resistor
Parameters:
NAME | PARAMETER | UNITS | DEFAULT | NOTES |
---|---|---|---|---|
w | thin film width | mm | 1.0 | |
l | thin film length | mm | 2.0 | |
d | thin film thickness | mm | 0.1 | |
sigma | thin film conductivity | S/m | 5.0 | |
wp | Ohmic pad width | mm | 2.0 | |
h | substrate thickness | mm | 1.6 | |
er | substrate relative permittivity | - | 2.2 |
Coaxial Line
This is a four-pin, two-port device that models a coaxial line segment with a dielectric core.
Model Identifier: coaxial-line
Parameters:
NAME | PARAMETER | UNITS | DEFAULT | NOTES |
---|---|---|---|---|
r_in | inner conductor radius | mm | 5.0 | |
r_out | outer conductor radius | mm | 10.0 | |
er | core dielectric relative permittivity | - | 2.2 | |
len | coaxial line length | mm | 10.0 | |
sigma | metal conductivity | S/m | 1e10 | |
tand | core dielectric loss tangent | - | 0 |
Coaxial Step in Inner Conductor
This is a four-pin, two-port device that models a step in inner conductor radius between two coaxial lines of equal outer conductor radius with a dielectric core.
Model Identifier: coaxial-innerstep
Parameters:
NAME | PARAMETER | UNITS | DEFAULT | NOTES |
---|---|---|---|---|
r_in1 | smaller inner conductor radius | mm | 2.0 | |
r_in2 | larger inner conductor radius | mm | 4.0 | |
r_out | outer conductor radius | mm | 5.0 | |
er | core dielectric relative permittivity | - | 2.2 |
Coaxial Step in Outer Conductor
This is a four-pin, two-port device that models a step in outer conductor radius between two coaxial lines of equal inner conductor radius with a dielectric core.
Model Identifier: coaxial-outerstep
Parameters:
NAME | PARAMETER | UNITS | DEFAULT | NOTES |
---|---|---|---|---|
r_in | inner conductor radius | mm | 2.0 | |
r_out1 | smaller outer conductor radius | mm | 4.0 | |
r_out2 | larger outer conductor radius | mm | 6.0 | |
er | core dielectric relative permittivity | - | 2.2 |
Complex Impedance
This is a two-pin, one-port device that models a generic impedance with both real and imaginary parts. It can be used in place of a one-port device when input impedance data are available rather than s11-parameter values.
Model Identifier: impedance
Parameters:
A table of z11-parameter values as a function of frequency
Conductor-Backed CPW Line
This is a four-pin, two-port device that models a conductor-backed coplanar waveguide (CPW) line segment on a single-layer dielectric substrate with a ground plane.
Model Identifier: cbcpw-line
Parameters:
NAME | PARAMETER | UNITS | DEFAULT | NOTES |
---|---|---|---|---|
w | slot width | mm | 2.0 | |
s | center strip width | mm | 2.0 | |
h | substrate thickness | mm | 1.6 | |
er | substrate relative permittivity | - | 2.2 | |
len | cpw line length | mm | 10.0 |
Coplanar Strips (CPS) Line
This is a four-pin, two-port device that models a coplanar strips (CPS) line segment on a single-layer conductor-backed dielectric substrate.
Model Identifier: cps-line
Parameters:
NAME | PARAMETER | UNITS | DEFAULT | NOTES |
---|---|---|---|---|
w | strip width | mm | 2 | |
w | strip spacing | mm | 2 | |
h | substrate thickness | mm | 1.6 | |
er | substrate relative permittivity | - | 2.2 | |
len | line segment length | m | 10 |
Coplanar Waveguide (CPW) Line
This is a four-pin, two-port device that models a coplanar waveguide (CPW) line segment on a single-layer dielectric substrate without a ground backing.
Model Identifier: cpw-line
Parameters:
NAME | PARAMETER | UNITS | DEFAULT | NOTES |
---|---|---|---|---|
w | slot width | mm | 2.0 | |
s | center strip width | mm | 2.0 | |
h | substrate thickness | mm | 1.6 | |
er | substrate relative permittivity | - | 2.2 | |
len | cpw line length | mm | 10.0 | |
sigma | metal conductivity | S/m | 1e10 | |
tand | substrate dielectric loss tangent | - | 0 | |
t | metallization thickness | mm | 0 |
Coupled Microstrip Lines
This is an eight-pin, four-port device that models two parallel coupled microstrip line segments on a single-layer conductor-backed dielectric substrate.
Model Identifier: coupled-microstrips
Parameters:
NAME | PARAMETER | UNITS | DEFAULT | NOTES |
---|---|---|---|---|
w | microstrip width | mm | 4.8 | |
s | microstrip spacing | mm | 5.0 | |
h | substrate thickness | mm | 1.6 | |
er | substrate relative permittivity | - | 2.2 | |
len | microstrip length | mm | 10.0 |
Coupled Striplines
This is an eight-pin, four-port device that models two side-by-side parallel coupled stripline segments sandwiched between two parallel plates with a dielectric spacer. In this model, the two striplines are placed at the center of the dielectric with equal distances from the top and bottom plates.
Model Identifier: coupled-striplines
Parameters:
NAME | PARAMETER | UNITS | DEFAULT | NOTES |
---|---|---|---|---|
w | microstrip width | mm | 4.8 | |
s | microstrip spacing | mm | 5.0 | |
b | parallel plate spacing | mm | 3.2 | |
er | substrate relative permittivity | - | 2.2 | |
len | stripline length | mm | 10.0 |
Covered CPW Line
This is a four-pin, two-port device that models a covered coplanar waveguide (CPW) line segment on a single-layer dielectric substrate without a ground backing but with a metal cover plate.
Model Identifier: cpw-covered
Parameters:
NAME | PARAMETER | UNITS | DEFAULT | NOTES |
---|---|---|---|---|
w | slot width | mm | 2.0 | |
s | center strip width | mm | 2.0 | |
h | substrate thickness | mm | 1.6 | |
er | substrate relative permittivity | - | 2.2 | |
hc | cover height | mm | 10 | |
len | cpw line length | mm | 10 |
Covered Conductor-Backed CPW Line
This is a four-pin, two-port device that models a covered conductor-backed coplanar waveguide (CPW) line segment on a single-layer dielectric substrate with both a ground plane and a metal cover plate.
Model Identifier: cbcpw-line
Parameters:
NAME | PARAMETER | UNITS | DEFAULT | NOTES |
---|---|---|---|---|
w | slot width | mm | 2.0 | |
s | center strip width | mm | 2.0 | |
h | substrate thickness | mm | 1.6 | |
er | substrate relative permittivity | - | 2.2 | |
hc | cover height | mm | 10 | |
len | cpw line length | mm | 10 |
Covered Microstrip Line
This is a four-pin, two-port device that models a covered microstrip line segment on a single-layer conductor-backed dielectric substrate.
Model Identifier: microstrip-covered
Parameters:
NAME | PARAMETER | UNITS | DEFAULT | NOTES |
---|---|---|---|---|
w | microstrip width | mm | 4.8 | |
h | substrate thickness | mm | 1.6 | |
er | substrate relative permittivity | - | 2.2 | |
h | cover height | mm | 10 | |
len | microstrip length | m | 10 |
CPW Gap
This is a four-pin, two-port device that models a gap-in-width transition between two coplanar waveguide (CPW) lines on a single-layer dielectric substrate without a ground backing.
Model Identifier: cpw-gap
Parameters:
NAME | PARAMETER | UNITS | DEFAULT | NOTES |
---|---|---|---|---|
w | slot width | mm | 2.0 | |
s | center strip width | mm | 2.0 | |
g | center strip gap spacing | mm | 2.0 | |
h | substrate thickness | mm | 1.6 | |
er | substrate relative permittivity | - | 2.2 |
CPW Open End
This is a two-pin, one-port device that models a coplanar waveguide (CPW) line segment terminated in a open end on a single-layer dielectric substrate without a ground backing.
Model Identifier: cpw-open
Parameters:
NAME | PARAMETER | UNITS | DEFAULT | NOTES |
---|---|---|---|---|
w | slot width | mm | 2.0 | |
s | center strip width | mm | 2.0 | |
h | substrate thickness | n mm | 1.6 | |
er | substrate relative permittivity | - | 2.2 | |
len | cpw line length | mm | 10.0 |
CPW Short End
This is a two-pin, one-port device that models a coplanar waveguide (CPW) line segment terminated in a short end on a single-layer dielectric substrate without a ground backing.
Model Identifier: cpw-short
Parameters:
NAME | PARAMETER | UNITS | DEFAULT | NOTES |
---|---|---|---|---|
w | slot width | mm | 2.0 | |
s | center strip width | mm | 2.0 | |
h | substrate thickness | mm | 1.6 | |
er | substrate relative permittivity | - | 2.2 | |
len | cpw line length | mm | 10.0 |
CPW Step
This is a four-pin, two-port device that models a step-in-width transition between two coplanar waveguide (CPW) lines of unequal widths on a single-layer dielectric substrate without a ground backing.
Model Identifier: cpw-step
Parameters:
NAME | PARAMETER | UNITS | DEFAULT | NOTES |
---|---|---|---|---|
w | narrower slot width | mm | 2.0 | |
s | wider center strip width | mm | 2.0 | |
s | narrower center strip width | mm | 1.0 | |
h | substrate thickness | mm | 1.6 | |
er | substrate relative permittivity | - | 2.2 |
CPW With a Superstrate
This is a four-pin, two-port device that models a coplanar waveguide (CPW) line segment on a single-layer dielectric substrate without a ground backing but with a single-layer dielectric superstrate.
Model Identifier: cpw-superstrate
Parameters:
NAME | PARAMETER | UNITS | DEFAULT | NOTES |
---|---|---|---|---|
w | slot width | mm | 2.0 | |
s | center strip width | mm | 2.0 | |
h | substrate thickness | mm | 1.6 | |
er | substrate relative permittivity | - | 2.2 | |
hs | superstrate height | mm | 1.6 | |
ers | superstrate relative permittivity | - | 2.2 | |
len | cpw line length | mm | 10 |
Double-Layer CPW Line
This is a four-pin, two-port device that models a coplanar waveguide (CPW) line segment on a double-layer dielectric substrate without a ground backing.
Model Identifier: cpw-doublelayer
Parameters:
NAME | PARAMETER | UNITS | DEFAULT | NOTES |
---|---|---|---|---|
w | slot width | mm | 2.0 | |
s | center strip width | mm | 2.0 | |
h1 | lower layer substrate thickness | mm | 1.6 | |
er1 | lower layer substrate relative permittivity | - | 2.2 | |
h2 | upper layer substrate thickness | mm | 1 | |
er2 | upper layer substrate relative permittivity | - | 3.0 | |
len | cpw line length | mm | 10 |
Finite-Ground Coplanar Waveguide (FGCPW) Line
This is a four-pin, two-port device that models a coplanar waveguide (CPW) line segment with top ground strips of finite width on a single-layer dielectric substrate without a ground backing.
Model Identifier: fgcpw-line
Parameters:
NAME | PARAMETER | UNITS | DEFAULT | NOTES |
---|---|---|---|---|
w | slot width | mm | 2.0 | |
s | center strip width | mm | 2.0 | |
g | ground strip width | mm | 5.0 | |
h | substrate thickness | mm | 1.6 | |
er | substrate relative permittivity | - | 2.2 | |
len | cpw line length | mm | 10.0 |
Generic Bend Junction
This is a four-pin, two-port device that models a bend in a general purpose transmission line. The bend geometry and the line structure can be very complicated, and their full-wave effects can be captured by the measured or simulated S-parameter data of this device. The model may also include a certain length of the transmission line at the input and output ports.
Model Identifier: bend-junction
Parameters:
A table of s11, s21, s12 and s22-parameter values as a function of frequency
Generic Coupled T-Lines
This is an eight-pin, four-port device that models a two parallel general purpose coupled transmission line segments. Ports 1 and 2 represent the input and output of the first T-Line. Ports 3 and 4 represent the input and output of the second coupled T-Line.
Model Identifier: coupled-lines
Parameters:
NAME | PARAMETER | UNITS | DEFAULT | NOTES |
---|---|---|---|---|
Z0e | even mode characteristic impedance | Ohms | 50.0 | |
Z0o | odd mode characteristic impedance | Ohms | 10.0 | |
eeff | effective permittivity | - | 1.0 | |
len | line segment length | mm | 10.0 |
Generic Cross Junction
This is an eight-pin, four-port device that models a cross junction among four general purpose transmission lines. The cross geometry and the line structures can be very complicated, and their full-wave effects can be captured by the measured or simulated S-parameter data of this device. The model may also include a certain length of the four transmission lines at the four ports.
Model Identifier: tee-junction
Parameters:
A table of s11, s21, s31, s41, s12, s22, s32, s42, s13, s23, s33, s43, s14, s24, s34 and s44-parameter values as a function of frequency
Generic Multiport Networks
RF.Spice A/D currently offers four types of generic network devices: one-port, two-port, three-port and four-port. There are two-pin, four-pin, six-pin and eight-pin, respectively. Multiport networks can be used to model very complicated active or passive structures, which can be characterized by their measured or simulated S-parameter data.
Model Identifier: one-port, two-port, three-port, four-port
Parameters:
One-Port: A table of s11-parameter values as a function of frequency
Two-Port: A table of s11, s21, s12 and s22-parameter values as a function of frequency
Three-Port: A table of s11, s21, s31, s12, s22, s32, s13, s23 and s33-parameter values as a function of frequency
Four-Port: A table of s11, s21, s31, s41, s12, s22, s32, s42, s13, s23, s33, s43, s14, s24, s34 and s44-parameter values as a function of frequency
Generic Open End
This is a two-pin, one-port device that models the open end of a general purpose transmission line segment. Infringing capacitance effects can be captured by the measured or simulated S-parameter data of this device. The model may also include a certain length of the transmission line.
Model Identifier: open-end
Parameters:
A table of s11-parameter values as a function of frequency
Generic Open Stub
This is a two-pin, one-port device that models a general purpose transmission line segment terminated in an open end. An infinite impedance load is indeed connected to the end of the T-line segment. The fringing capacitance effects, however, are neglected by this model.
Model Identifier: stub-open
Parameters:
NAME | PARAMETER | UNITS | DEFAULT | NOTES |
---|---|---|---|---|
Z0 | characteristic impedance | Ohms | 50.0 | |
eeff | effective permittivity | - | 1.0 | |
alpha | attenuation constant | dB/m | 0.0 | |
len | line segment length | mm | 10.0 |
Generic Short Stub
This is a two-pin, one-port device that models a general purpose transmission line segment terminated in a shorted end. A zero impedance load is indeed connected to the end of the T-line segment. The inductive loading effects, however, are neglected by this model.
Model Identifier: stub-short
Parameters:
NAME | PARAMETER | UNITS | DEFAULT | NOTES |
---|---|---|---|---|
Z0 | characteristic impedance | Ohms | 50.0 | |
eeff | effective permittivity | - | 1.0 | |
alpha | attenuation constant | dB/m | 0.0 | |
len | line segment length | mm | 10.0 |
Generic Step Junction
This is a four-pin, two-port device that models a step-in-width junction between two general purpose transmission lines. The step geometry and the line structures can be very complicated, and their full-wave effects can be captured by the measured or simulated S-parameter data of this device. The model may also include a certain length of the two transmission lines at the input and output ports.
Model Identifier: step-junction
Parameters:
A table of s11, s21, s12 and s22-parameter values as a function of frequency
Generic T-Line
This is a four-pin, two-port device that models a general purpose transmission line segment.
Model Identifier: t-line
Parameters:
NAME | PARAMETER | UNITS | DEFAULT | NOTES |
---|---|---|---|---|
Z0 | characteristic impedance | Ohms | 50.0 | |
eeff | effective permittivity | - | 1.0 | |
alpha | attenuation constant | dB/m | 0.0 | |
len | line segment length | mm | 10.0 |
Generic Tee Junction
This is a six-pin, three-port device that models a tee junction among three general purpose transmission lines. The tee geometry and the line structures can be very complicated, and their full-wave effects can be captured by the measured or simulated S-parameter data of this device. The model may also include a certain length of the three transmission lines at the two through ports and the side arm.
Model Identifier: tee-junction
Parameters:
A table of s11, s21, s31, s12, s22, s32, s13, s23 and s33-parameter values as a function of frequency
Ideal Circulator
This is a six-pin, three-port device that models an ideal microwave circulator. There are two types of this device: Clockwise Circulator and Counterclockwise Circulator . The ideal circulator model is a simple non-reciprocal 3×3 scattering matrix fixed over all frequencies.
Model Identifier: circulator_cw & circulator_ccw
Parameters: None
Interdigital Capacitor
This is a four-pin, two-port device that models a planar interdigital capacitor.
Model Identifier: interdigital
Parameters:
NAME | PARAMETER | UNITS | DEFAULT | NOTES |
---|---|---|---|---|
w | finger strip width | mm | 0.1 | |
s | finger strip spacing | mm | 0.1 | |
N | number of fingers | - | 5 | |
l | capacitor length | mm | 1.0 | |
h | substrate thickness | mm | 1.6 | |
er | substrate relative permittivity | - | 2.2 |
Inverted Microstrip Line
This is a four-pin, two-port device that models an inverted microstrip line segment on a single-layer dielectric slab/substrate placed at a specified height above a ground plane.
Model Identifier: microstrip-inverted
Parameters:
NAME | PARAMETER | UNITS | DEFAULT | NOTES |
---|---|---|---|---|
w | microstrip width | mm | 4.8 | |
h | substrate thickness | mm | 1.6 | |
er | substrate relative permittivity | - | 2.2 | |
b | microstrip height above ground | mm | 1.6 | |
len | microstrip length | m | 10 |
Loop Inductor
This is a four-pin, two-port device that models a planar microstrip-based loop inductor.
Model Identifier: loop
Parameters:
NAME | PARAMETER | UNITS | DEFAULT | NOTES |
---|---|---|---|---|
w | loop radius width | mm | 1 | |
l | spacing | mm | 4 | |
h | dielectric substrate thickness | mm | 1.6 |
Metal-Insulator-Metal (MIM) Capacitor
This is a four-pin, two-port device that models a semiconductor metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor. The capacitor is made of a high permittivity thin film deposited on a microstrip line printed on a conductor-backed dielectric substrate.
Model Identifier: mimcap
Parameters:
NAME | PARAMETER | UNITS | DEFAULT | NOTES |
---|---|---|---|---|
w | microstrip width | mm | 2.0 | |
l | thin film length | mm | 4.0 | |
d | thin film thickness | mm | 0.2 | |
erd | thin film relative permittivity | - | 20.0 | |
h | substrate thickness | mm | 1.6 | |
er | substrate relative permittivity | - | 2.2 |
Microstrip Butterfly Stub
This is a two-pin, one-port device that models a microstrip butterfly stub on a single-layer conductor-backed dielectric substrate.
Model Identifier: microstrip-butterfly
Parameters:
NAME | PARAMETER | UNITS | DEFAULT | NOTES |
---|---|---|---|---|
ri | inner radius | mm | 2 | |
ro | outer radius | mm | 10 | |
h | substrate thickness | mm | 1.6 | |
er | substrate relative permittivity | - | 2.2 | |
theta | wedge angle | mm | 90 |
Microstrip Cross
This is an eight-pin, four-port device that models a cross junction between four microstrip lines on a single-layer conductor-backed dielectric substrate. In this model, the two horizontal arms represent Ports 1 and 2 and must be of equal widths. Similarly, the two vertical arms represent Ports 3 and 4 and must be of equal widths.
Model Identifier: microstrip-cross
Parameters:
NAME | PARAMETER | UNITS | DEFAULT | NOTES |
---|---|---|---|---|
w1 | horizontal arm microstrip width | mm | 4.8 | |
w2 | vertical arm microstrip width | mm | 4.8 | |
h | substrate thickness | mm | 1.6 | |
er | substrate relative permittivity | - | 2.2 |
Microstrip Gap
This is a four-pin, two-port device that models a gap between two microstrip lines of equal width on a single-layer conductor-backed dielectric substrate.
Model Identifier: microstrip-gap
Parameters:
NAME | PARAMETER | UNITS | DEFAULT | NOTES |
---|---|---|---|---|
w1 | wider microstrip width | mm | 4.8 | |
w2 | narrower microstrip width | mm | 4.8 | Must satisfy w2 < w1 |
s | gap spacing | mm | 2.4 | |
h | substrate thickness | mm | 1.6 | |
er | substrate relative permittivity | - | 2.2 |
Microstrip Line
This is a four-pin, two-port device that models a microstrip line segment on a single-layer conductor-backed dielectric substrate.
Model Identifier: microstrip-line
Parameters:
NAME | PARAMETER | UNITS | DEFAULT | NOTES |
---|---|---|---|---|
w | microstrip width | mm | 4.8 | |
h | substrate thickness | mm | 1.6 | |
er | substrate relative permittivity | - | 2.2 | |
len | microstrip length | mm | 10.0 | |
sigma | microstrip conductivity | S/m | 1e10 | |
tand | substrate dielectric loss tangent | - | 0 | |
t | metallization thickness | mm | 0 | |
disp | flag for dispersive model | - | 0 | Select 0 for non-dispersive line, 1 for dispersion effects. |
Microstrip Mitered Bend
This is a four-pin, two-port device that models a mitered bend connecting two microstrip lines of equal width on a single-layer conductor-backed dielectric substrate.
Model Identifier: microstrip-miter
Parameters:
NAME | PARAMETER | UNITS | DEFAULT | NOTES |
---|---|---|---|---|
w | microstrip width | mm | 4.8 | |
h | substrate thickness | mm | 1.6 | |
er | substrate relative permittivity | - | 2.2 |
Microstrip Open End
This is a two-pin, one-port device that models a microstrip line segment on a single-layer conductor-backed dielectric substrate, which is terminated at an open end.
Model Identifier: microstrip-open
Parameters:
NAME | PARAMETER | UNITS | DEFAULT | NOTES |
---|---|---|---|---|
w | microstrip width | mm | 4.8 | |
h | substrate thickness | mm | 1.6 | |
er | substrate relative permittivity | - | 2.2 | |
len | microstrip length | mm | 10.0 |
Microstrip Radial Stub
This is a two-pin, one-port device that models a microstrip radial stub on a single-layer conductor-backed dielectric substrate.
Model Identifier: microstrip-radial
Parameters:
NAME | PARAMETER | UNITS | DEFAULT | NOTES |
---|---|---|---|---|
ri | inner radius | mm | 2 | |
ro | outer radius | mm | 10 | |
h | substrate thickness | mm | 1.6 | |
er | substrate relative permittivity | - | 2.2 | |
theta | wedge angle | mm | 90 |
Microstrip Right-Angeled Bend
This is a four-pin, two-port device that models a right-angled bend connecting two microstrip lines of equal width on a single-layer conductor-backed dielectric substrate.
Model Identifier: microstrip-bend
Parameters:
NAME | PARAMETER | UNITS | DEFAULT | NOTES |
---|---|---|---|---|
w | microstrip width | mm | 4.8 | |
h | substrate thickness | mm | 1.6 | |
er | substrate relative permittivity | - | 2.2 |
Microstrip Slit
This is a four-pin, two-port device that models a microstrip slit or a narrow cut on a single-layer conductor-backed dielectric substrate.
Model Identifier: microstrip-slit
Parameters:
NAME | PARAMETER | UNITS | DEFAULT | NOTES |
---|---|---|---|---|
w | microstrip width | mm | 4.8 | |
a | slit depth | mm | 2 | |
b | slit width | mm | 1 | |
h | substrate thickness | mm | 1.6 | |
er | substrate relative permittivity | - | 2.2 |
Microstrip Step
This is a four-pin, two-port device that models a step-in-width transition between two microstrip lines of unequal widths on a single-layer conductor-backed dielectric substrate. Note that Port 1 should represent the wider microstrip line.
Model Identifier: microstrip-step
Parameters:
NAME | PARAMETER | UNITS | DEFAULT | NOTES |
---|---|---|---|---|
w1 | wider microstrip width | mm | 4.8 | |
w2 | narrower microstrip width | mm | 2.5 | Must satisfy w2 < w1. |
h | substrate thickness | mm | 1.6 | |
er | substrate relative permittivity | - | 2.2 |
Microstrip Tee
This is a six-pin, three-port device that models a tee junction between three microstrip lines on a single-layer conductor-backed dielectric substrate. Note that Ports 1 and 2 should represent the main arm of the tee junction, while Port 3 represents the side arm. The microstrip lines at Ports 1 and 2 have the same width in this model.
Model Identifier: microstrip-tee
Parameters:
NAME | PARAMETER | UNITS | DEFAULT | NOTES |
---|---|---|---|---|
w1 | main arm microstrip width | mm | 4.8 | |
w2 | side arm microstrip width | mm | 4.8 | |
h | substrate thickness | mm | 1.6 | |
er | substrate relative permittivity | - | 2.2 |
Microstrip Via
This is a two-pin, one-port device that models a microstrip line segment on a single-layer conductor-backed dielectric substrate, which is shorted to the ground at its end using a metal via.
Model Identifier: microstrip-via
Parameters:
NAME | PARAMETER | UNITS | DEFAULT | NOTES |
---|---|---|---|---|
r | via radius | mm | 1.0 | |
h | substrate thickness | mm | 1.6 |
Off-Center Stripline
This is a four-pin, two-port device that models an off-center stripline segment sandwiched between two parallel plates with a dielectric spacer. In this model, the stripline is placed below the centerline and closer to the bottom plate.
Model Identifier: stripline-offcetner
Parameters:
NAME | PARAMETER | UNITS | DEFAULT | NOTES |
---|---|---|---|---|
w | strip width | mm | 4.5 | |
s | offset from center line | mm | 0.5 | |
t | strip thickness | mm | 3.2 | |
b | parallel plate spacing | mm | 3.2 | |
er | substrate relative permittivity | - | 2.2 | |
len | stripline length | mm | 10.0 |
Quarter-Wave Impedance Transformer
This is a four-pin, two-port device that models a quarter-wave impedance transformer. You have to specify the center frequency of the device in GHz.
Model Identifier: impedance transformer
Parameters:
NAME | PARAMETER | UNITS | DEFAULT | NOTES |
---|---|---|---|---|
Zo1 | input line characteristic impedance | Ohms | 50.0 | |
Zo2 | output line characteristic impedance | Ohms | 50.0 | |
eeff | effective permittivity | - | 1.0 | |
fc | center frequency | GHz | 1.0 | |
len_in | input line segment length | mm | 10.0 | |
len_out | output line segment length | mm | 10.0 |
Rat-Race Hybrid Coupler
This is an eight-pin, four-port device that models a rat-race hybrid coupler. You have to specify the center frequency of the device in GHz. A rat-race coupler can be operated in a number of different modes:
- If Port 1 is used as the input port, the power will be equally split into two in-phase components at Ports 2 and 3, and Port 4 will be isolated.
- If Port 4 is used as the input port, the power will be equally split into two components with a 180° phase difference at Ports 2 and 3, and Port 1 will be isolated.
- Combiner Mode: Ports 2 and 3 act as two input ports. Then, the sum of the two inputs will form at Port 1, while their different will form at Port 4.
Model Identifier: rat-race
Parameters:
NAME | PARAMETER | UNITS | DEFAULT | NOTES |
---|---|---|---|---|
Z0 | line characteristic impedance | Ohms | 50.0 | |
eeff | effective permittivity | - | 1.0 | |
fc | center frequency | GHz | 1.0 | |
len | port line segment length | mm | 10.0 |
Resistive Power Divider
This is a six-pin, three-port device that models a resistive power divider with equal output powers at Ports 2 and 3. This power divider has wideband operation.
Model Identifier: resistive power divider
Parameters:
NAME | PARAMETER | UNITS | DEFAULT | NOTES |
---|---|---|---|---|
Z0 | line characteristic impedance | Ohms | 50.0 | |
eeff | effective permittivity | - | 1.0 | |
len_in | input line segment length | mm | 10.0 | |
len_out | output line segment length | mm | 10.0 |
Spiral Inductor
This is a four-pin, two-port device that models a planar spiral inductor.
Model Identifier: spiral
Parameters:
NAME | PARAMETER | UNITS | DEFAULT | NOTES |
---|---|---|---|---|
w | strip width | mm | 0.1 | |
s | spacing | mm | 0.1 | |
D_out | outer diameter | mm | 5.0 | |
N | number of turns | - | 10 |
Stripline
This is a four-pin, two-port device that models a stripline segment sandwiched between two parallel plates with a dielectric spacer. In this model, the stripline is placed at the center of the dielectric with equal distances from the top and bottom plates.
Model Identifier: stripline
Parameters:
NAME | PARAMETER | UNITS | DEFAULT | NOTES |
---|---|---|---|---|
w | strip width | mm | 4.8 | |
b | parallel plate spacing | mm | 3.2 | |
er | substrate relative permittivity | - | 2.2 | |
len | stripline length | mm | 10.0 | |
sigma | metal conductivity | S/m | 1e10 | |
tand | substrate dielectric loss tangent | - | 0 | |
t | strip thickness | mm | 0 |
Stripline Gap
This is a four-pin, two-port device that models a gap between two aligned striplines of the same width sandwiched between two parallel plates with a dielectric spacing.
Model Identifier: stripline-gap
Parameters:
NAME | PARAMETER | UNITS | DEFAULT | NOTES |
---|---|---|---|---|
w | strip width | mm | 4.8 | |
s | gap spacing | mm | 2 | |
b | parallel plate spacing | mm | 3.2 | |
er | substrate relative permittivity | - | 2.2 |
Stripline Mitered Bend
This is a four-pin, two-port device that models an optimally mitered stripline bend sandwiched between two parallel plates with a dielectric spacing.
Model Identifier: stripline-miter
Parameters:
NAME | PARAMETER | UNITS | DEFAULT | NOTES |
---|---|---|---|---|
w | strip width | mm | 4.8 | |
b | parallel plate spacing | mm | 3.2 | |
er | substrate relative permittivity | - | 2.2 |
Stripline Open End
This is a two-pin, one-port device that models a stripline segment sandwiched between two parallel plates with a dielectric spacing, which is terminated at an open end.
Model Identifier: stripline-open
Parameters:
NAME | PARAMETER | UNITS | DEFAULT | NOTES |
---|---|---|---|---|
w | strip width | mm | 4.8 | |
b | parallel plate spacing | mm | 3.2 | |
er | substrate relative permittivity | - | 2.2 | |
len | strip length | mm | 10.0 |
Stripline Right-Angled Bend
This is a four-pin, two-port device that models a right-angled stripline bend sandwiched between two parallel plates with a dielectric spacing.
Model Identifier: stripline-bend
Parameters:
NAME | PARAMETER | UNITS | DEFAULT | NOTES |
---|---|---|---|---|
w | strip width | mm | 4.8 | |
b | parallel plate spacing | mm | 3.2 | |
er | substrate relative permittivity | - | 2.2 |
Stripline Step
This is a four-pin, two-port device that models a step-in-width transition between two striplines of unequal widths sandwiched between two parallel plates with a dielectric spacing. Note that Port 1 must represent the wider stripline.
Model Identifier: stripline-step
Parameters:
NAME | PARAMETER | UNITS | DEFAULT | NOTES |
---|---|---|---|---|
w1 | wider strip width | mm | 4.8 | |
w2 | narrower strip width | mm | 2.5 | |
b | parallel plate spacing | mm | 3.2 | |
er | substrate relative permittivity | - | 2.2 |
Stripline Tee
This is a six-pin, three-port device that models a tee junction between three striplines sandwiched between two parallel plates with a dielectric spacing. Note that Ports 1 and 2 should represent the main arm of the tee junction, while Port 3 represents the side arm. The striplines at Ports 1 and 2 have the same width in this model.
Model Identifier: stripline-tee
Parameters:
NAME | PARAMETER | UNITS | DEFAULT | NOTES |
---|---|---|---|---|
w1 | width of main arm strip | mm | 4.5 | |
w2 | width of side arm strip | mm | 5.5 | |
b | parallel plate spacing | mm | 3.2 | |
er | substrate relative permittivity | - | 2.2 |
Suspended Microstrip Line
This is a four-pin, two-port device that models a suspended microstrip line segment on a single-layer dielectric slab/substrate placed at a specified height above a ground plane.
Model Identifier: microstrip-suspended
Parameters:
NAME | PARAMETER | UNITS | DEFAULT | NOTES |
---|---|---|---|---|
w | microstrip width | mm | 4.8 | |
h | substrate thickness | mm | 1.6 | |
er | substrate relative permittivity | - | 2.2 | |
b | height of substrate above ground | mm | 1.6 | |
len | microstrip length | m | 10 |
Twin-Lead Line
This is a four-pin, two-port device that models a twin-lead line segment in a dielectric medium.
Model Identifier: twin-lead
Parameters:
NAME | PARAMETER | UNITS | DEFAULT | NOTES |
---|---|---|---|---|
r | wire radius | mm | 1.0 | |
s | wire spacing | mm | 5.0 | |
er | dielectric medium relative permittivity | - | 1.0 | |
len | twin-lead line length | mm | 10.0 | |
sigma | wire conductivity | S/m | 1e10 | |
tand | dielectric medium loss tangent | - | 0 |
Twisted-Pair Line
This is a four-pin, two-port device that models a twisted-pair line segment with a dielectric cover. You need to specify the number of wire twist per unit length in 1/m.
Model Identifier: twisted-pair
Parameters:
NAME | PARAMETER | UNITS | DEFAULT | NOTES |
---|---|---|---|---|
r | wire radius | mm | 1.0 | |
s | wire spacing | mm | 4.0 | |
T | number of twists per length | 1/m | 20 | |
erc | dielectric cover relative permittivity | - | 2.2 | |
erm | dielectric medium relative permittivity | - | 1.0 | |
len | twisted-pair line length | mm | 10.0 | |
sigma | wire conductivity | S/m | 1e10 | |
tand | dielectric cover loss tangent | - | 0 |
Wilkinson Power Divider
This is a six-pin, three-port device that models a Wilkinson power divider with unequal output power split at Ports 2 and 3. You have to specify the center frequency of the device in GHz. It is very important to note that if the Power Ratio K is different than one, then the two output Ports 2 and 3 of the power divider must be terminated in load impedances equal to Z0 . √K and Z0 / √K, respectively.
Model Identifier: wilkinson
Parameters:
NAME | PARAMETER | UNITS | DEFAULT | NOTES |
---|---|---|---|---|
Z0 | line characteristic impedance | Ohms | 50.0 | |
eeff | effective permittivity | - | 1.0 | |
fc | center frequency | GHz | 1.0 | |
K | ratio of power of Port 3 to power of Port 2 | - | 1.0 | |
len_in | input line segment length | mm | 10.0 | |
len_out | output line segment length | mm | 10.0 |